Influence Of Demographics On Leadership Styles

Impact Of Demographics On Leadership Styles Quantitative research strategy were applied in this examination to distinguish initiative styles in flow state Islamic Banking administrators should be effective in their position, This investigation likewise incorporated quantitative procedure to clarify momentum state Islamic Banking pioneers regarding their socioeconomics and authority styles. The basic role of this investigation was to distinguish and depict the administration styles of current directors or pioneers in Islamic Banking, as far as their initiative styles and their socioeconomics (totalitarian, majority rule, and free enterprise),( sexual orientation, age, Tenure) in portraying current supervisors. Presentation Supervisors are individuals who do things right, while pioneers are individuals who make the best decision. Individuals who can impact the practices of others, Are ready to impact without depending on power, are acknowledged by others as pioneers, who show the initiative practice Challenge the Process are not limited by business as usual, are available to development, and energize hazard taking inside the association, Inspire a Shared Vision can look forward and see what the association can be while simultaneously enrolling the endeavors of others in the accomplishing the shared objectives of the authoritative vision, By taking part in practices normal for the Enabling Others to Act practice move capacity to others in the way of life of the association, take an interest others in the dynamic procedures and eventually assemble trust and common regard between one another. Pioneers additionally Model the Way set models by holding fast to similar standards and desires for others inside the association, likewise use the Encourage the Heart practice perceive the commitments of people and praise the achievements of others. This paper, along these lines tended to the accompanying explicit destinations: 1. Does administration styles make a difference? 2. To clarify the impact of segment factors (sexual orientation, age, Tenure) on the administration styles. History So as to start understanding the idea of administration, we should know about the speculations of initiative in general. (Yukl 2002) characterized viable research and initiative speculations into five methodologies: the characteristic methodology, the conduct approach, the force impact approach, the situational approach, and the integrative methodology. Studies that have been directed inside these ways to deal with administration have made unmistakable commitments to our comprehension of what authority is, and each approach keeps on impacting our considering initiative a procedure (Nahavandi). Approaches The Trait Approach: initiative referenced explicit qualities of pioneers, for example, distinction, thought processes, qualities, and aptitudes (Yukl 2002). The essential articulation that guided the attribute initiative investigations was that pioneers had certain characteristics that others didn't have. In genuine importance, the attribute approach accepted that pioneers were conceived, not made. The Behavioral Approach: After the investigations directed utilizing the attribute approach neglected to create certain outcome, numerous specialists started utilizing a social way to deal with study administration. Analysts started investigating what pioneers really did at work (Yukl 2002). As indicated by Yukl, investigate led under the social methodology can be categorized as one of two subcategories: how pioneers profit by their time and the run of the mill example of activities, assignments, and elements of their employments, and recognizing compelling initiative conduct. The Power-Influence Approach: According to (Yukl 2002), this sort of way to deal with authority includes the investigation of the impact that happens among pioneers and others. Studies that have been led with this methodology by and large centered around initiative as far as the measure of intensity controlled by a pioneer, the various sorts of intensity, and how force was worked out (Yukl 1989). The Situational Approach: The situational approach referenced the significance of proper factors in the investigation of authority. (Yukl 1989, 2002) recognized the accompanying relevant components: the pioneers authority and development, and the units who can perform pioneer assignments, the character of the devotees, the kind of association, and the idea of the outside condition. The Integrative Approach: Researchers utilizing the integrative way to deal with initiative comprise of more than one sort of authority variable, for example, characteristic, conduct, impact forms, and situational factors (Yukl 2002). (Bass 1990: 52-76) focused on the significance of remembering more than one sort of administration variable for inquire about including pioneers and initiative when he expressed, subjective, social, and interactional clarifications are probably going to be expected to account completely for pioneer adherent relations and results from them. He further expressed that authority must be imagined as far as the association of factors that are in consistent transition. Initiative speculations, for example, appealling and transformational authority are genuine instances of an integrative way to deal with administration. These speculations are more extensive in scope: they all the while include pioneer characteristics, force, conduct, and situational factors (Yukl 1989: 270). Initiative Styles (Bass 1990) He discussed authority as a strategy of association, among people and gatherings that incorporates an organized or rebuilt circumstance. Administration can be clarified as the capacity of a person to have power that centers around how to set up bearings by adjusting powers (Go et al. 1996). From an authoritative view, (Schermerhorn 1999) accepted that most significant is a procedure used to inspire and to impact others to buckle down so as to accomplish and Support hierarchical objectives, while (Hersey et al. 2001) accepted that administration impact people conduct dependent on people and hierarchical objectives. (Robbins 2001) characterized administration as the capacity of a person to influence the conduct of a gathering to accomplish hierarchical objectives. It is conceivable to close from these conversations that authority is a gathering of marvels, where by pioneers are unmistakable from their supporters, and can impact people exercises to accomplish set objectives in their associations. Authority style is characterized as the example of practices that pioneers show during their work with and through others (Hersey and Blanchard 1993). (Mill operator et al. 2002) see administration style as the method of associations among pioneers and devotees. It incorporates controlling, coordinating, certainly all procedures and techniques utilized by pioneers to spur supporters to follow their headings. As indicated by (Kavanaugh and Ninemeier 2001), there are three factors that decide the kind of initiative style: pioneers qualities, subordinates attributes and the association condition. All the more explicitly, the individual foundation of pioneers, for example, character, information, qualities, and encounters shapes their sentiments about proper initiative that decide their particular authority style; representatives additionally have various characters, foundations, desires and encounters, for instance, representatives who are increasingly learned and experienced may functi on admirably under a majority rule administration style, while workers with various encounters and desires require a totalitarian administration style. A few factors in the association condition, for example, hierarchical atmosphere, association esteems, sythesis of work gathering and sort of work can likewise impact initiative style. Nonetheless, pioneers can adjust their authority style to the apparent inclinations of their subordinates (Wood 1994). Authority styles can be grouped rely upon pioneers force and conduct as dictatorial, vote based, and free enterprise, where styles are recognized by the impact chiefs have on subordinates (Mullins 1998) (Rollinson 2005). All the more explicitly, power has been considered as: the capability of a procedure to impact individuals (Hersey et al. 2001); a piece of the impact procedure at the center of administration (Northouse 2004); and the rights that permit people to take choices about explicit issues (Rollinson 2005). The impact of initiative will change contingent upon sorts of intensity utilized by a pioneer over their devotees (Mullins 1998). Subsequently, pioneers will be progressively viable when they know and comprehend the proper utilization of intensity (Hersey et al. 2001). As indicated by (Kavanaugh and Ninemeier 2001) a despotic style is implanted in pioneers who have expert for dynamic without imparting it to their subordinates, while a law based style infers that pioneers share their power of dynamic with representatives, lastly a free enterprise style exists where pioneers give their workers least authority over dynamic. Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles (Consumes 1978) discussed administration styles as value-based and transformational initiative, these styles are at the furthest edges of a similar scale. He referenced that value-based administration is a path on associations among pioneers and adherents in which something of significant worth was traded, for example, awards for execution, in any case, transformational initiative happening when pioneers and supporters collaborated in such a manner to accomplish an elevated level of inspiration in both the pioneer and the devotee are in a similar street. (Bass 1985) referenced that the pioneer ought to include in both value-based and transformational administration practices. Transformational administration isn't an option for value-based initiative, but instead will in general add to its viability (Bass 1997). Bass referenced that the value-based pioneer as person who worked inside the hierarchical culture of the gathering to know and clarify the obligations and assignments of supporters to accomplish the focused on targets and results. These results were accomplished when the pioneer haggle with supporters (Bass 1985). At the end of the day, value-based pioneers disclose to supporters what is expected of them and afterward arrange w

Growing Number of Kindergarten Franchises Essay

The preschool advertise is the quickest developing part of the instruction business in China by and by. Over the range of most recent seven years, the industry has developed at an annualized pace of 10. 3% from 2006. The business exhibited expanding incomes in the time of 2006-2012, inferable from the blowing up education costs charged by the developing number of the private kindergartens. The enlistment figures have likewise indicated a dynamic pattern consistently, prompted by the developing business sector nearness and mindfulness about the significance of the pre-essential instruction among masses. Kindergartens in China are liable for giving both childcare and preschool training to the youngsters matured 3-6 years. The change of Chinese economy from openly managed to advertise run has put an extraordinary effect on the kindergarten market of the nation. Private segment supported kindergartens have increased expanding hold over the general market and had represented a prevailing offer in 2012. Rustic territories of China have the limit of the kindergartens which are essentially run by the training division or are freely supported. Notwithstanding, with a rising number of private substances receiving the diversified plan of action to work in the underpenetrated market of China preschool industry, the urban zones have displayed an expanding portion of enlistments throughout the years. The preschool business of China is described by a high level of fracture with expanding number of players executing obtaining extension procedures to expand on their pieces of the overall industry. RYB Education, Oriental BabyCare, Gymboree Play and Music are a portion of the main brand names working in the market. Other developing players incorporate Noah Education possessions, Beijing Hongying Education gathering, I Love Gym and so forth. Countless freely drove kindergartens likewise are conspicuous in China which incorporates players, for example, Huijia Kindergarten and Hong Huanlan Education Group. Expanding number of working moms has prompted an expanding interest for the kindergartens in the nation. Furthermore, the enormous populace base of the nation guarantees an expanding partner of youngsters matured under-six, which presents immense open doors for the remote and residential financial specialists to achieve developing degrees of incomes in coming years. Furthermore, the ability based trainings gave in the kindergartens of China, has additionally invited a developing number of kids to take an interest in the preschool programs. In any case, the pattern of bilingual kindergartens is as a rule most unmistakably saw in this division, focusing on the developing significance of early language preparing, as favored by guardians. The report â€Å"China Pre-essential Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to 2017† gives point by point outline on the preschool business from different viewpoints. The report encases a thorough examination of the different portions of the market mirroring the current situation and future development influenced by changing industry elements in coming years. Moreover, the report likewise involves data about the administration rules and arrangements, judicious investigation of the macroeconomic variables, alongside the serious scene of the pre-essential training and childcare industry. The report will help industry specialists, organizations and different partners to adjust their market driven methodologies as per progressing and anticipated patterns in future. For more data on the business explore report please allude to the beneath referenced connection: http://www. kenresearch. com/training/pre-school-instruction/china-pre-essential training statistical surveying report/401-99. html.

Our Review of the Top Free Citation Generators

Our Review of the Top Free Citation Generators Over the course of conducting and writing about research, managing your references can become an overwhelming part of academic writing. Beyond management, even finding sources that are pertinent to your research can often be a tricky taskâ€"especially if youre researching a topic that hasnt had a lot of attention or is relatively new.However, using software to help keep track of the sources youve used in your research and writing, along with automatic generation of a bibliography or references page, can help streamline the process significantly. Some of these programs also offer extended online communities, cloud storage, and spaces to share your research with others, as well as the opportunity to explore potential sources others have used when researching a similar topic to yours.Keeping in mind that the free resources that are available vary in their features offered and the extent you can use them for your citation management needs, heres our review of the top free online citation generators available for academic researchers and writers. Weve included links and a brief overview of what each does for both free and subscription-based citation and source management assistance.ZoteroZotero is a free, open-source reference manager and research tool that can be accessed both online as a web service and offline on your personal device (laptop, phone, tablet, etc.). It allows users to collect, organize, analyze and share research. You can also use it to store author, title, and publication fields and to export that information as formatted references. Another great feature is you can download it as a plugin that senses when you are viewing a book, article, or other object on the web, and then automatically extract the complete bibliographic reference for it.As a citation generator, Zotero will instantly create references and bibliographies to be placed directly into Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs. There is currently support for 9,000 citation styles (I wasnt ev en aware there were this many styles!) and you can format your work to match any style guide or publication.As a citation generator, Zotero will instantly create references and bibliographies to be placed directly into Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs.Another great thing about Zotero is that its a complete online community for researchers. Users can connect with other researchers working on similar projects and browse through other researchers CVs and shared libraries for a quick view of their work and interests.According to its website:Zotero is a project of the Corporation for Digital Scholarship, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the development of software and services for researchers and cultural heritage institutions. It was created at the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University with initial funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the United States Institute of Museum and Library Services, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.Zotero .orgMendeleyMendeley is a free reference manager and academic social network that allows users to organize their research, collaborate with others online, and discover the latest research available on any topic. With one simple download, users will be able to automatically generate bibliographies, collaborate easily with other researchers online, import papers from other research software, find relevant papers based on current reading, and access papers from anywhere online. The download is available for both iOS and Android.Also available for download is Mendeley Cite. Mendeley Cite is a Microsoft Word add-in that speeds up the process of referencing when writing, allowing researchers to quickly insert references from their Mendeley library directly into their Word document. It can be used without having Mendeley Desktop open or even installed if your library is synced to Mendeley cloud, allowing you to insert individual or multiple references and automatically create a bibliograph y from the citations youve inserted.According to the website, here are some of the Mendeley Cite features:Once users sign in to Mendeley Cite, their Mendeley library is downloaded from the cloud, so they dont need to have Mendeley Desktop open or even installed to use it.Users can search for references in their Mendeley library and insert them easily into the document theyre working on.Users can select and insert individual or multiple references at once.Users can create a bibliography of all the references cited.Users can change the style to any preferred citation style.KnightCiteIf you dont want to have to download any apps or programs, KnighCite is a good option. KnightCite is an online citation generator service created in 2004 and provided by the Hekman Library of Calvin College. Although its offered by Calvin University, it is available to both students and nonstudents.KnightCites citation formatting styles offered, at present, are: Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), or Chicago Manual of Style. Note that KnightCite does not generate footnotes or in-text citations. The citation formatting features can be used without sifting through advertising, which makes it preferable to other online generators, although users will have to register on the site to have the option of saving all of their citations or creating multiple bibliographies.Here are a few of the key features offered:Citation generation for print or electronic resources, including sacred texts, a webpage or blog, art or photographs, cartoons, advertisements, personal interviews, musical compositions, sound recordings and more.Users may save all of their citations for a given project and instantly alphabetize or edit them. Citations in one bibliography can be copied into another.When a bibliography is complete, the program can export it into an rtf file or word document with the appropriate format. It will be instantly ready to print.Registered users can sa ve citations and organize them into multiple papers.Citation BuilderCitation Builder is another university created toolâ€"this time coming from North Carolina State University Libraries. Its simple to use and is web-based, allowing users to choose between MLA, APA, Chicago and CSE/CBE formatting styles.Citation Builder is simple to use and is web-based, allowing users to choose between MLA, APA, Chicago and CSE/CBE formatting styles.A simple drop-down menu asks if you the citation youre generating is a book, chapter or essay, magazine article, newspaper article, scholarly journal article, or website. You can then choose the formatting style and immediately generate the citation for print or digital sources.Citation MachineCitation Machine is a web-based citation generator allowing citation generation for APA, MLA and Chicago formatting styles. While the website is free to use, there are multiple advertisements that will pop up, including advertisements to purchase Citation Machine P lus for a 3-day free trial, and $9.95 per month afterwards. With this purchase, users can expect the following features:Suggestions to improve your writing style, grammar and sentence structureChecks for unintentional plagiarismAdd a bibliography and citations directly to your paperQuickly and accurately create citations from multiple styles and source typesIf you dont want to purchase the premium features, you can still use the website to add a bibliography and citations directly to your paper. The website features an auto-fill mode, where users can input the sources title, author, and/or ISBN and have the rest of the information filled in automatically by the website.Microsoft WordIf you use Microsoft Word, you already have a powerful citation generator option that will easily plug into the document youre creating. This generator creates in-text citations, as well as a bibliography, works cited, or reference page to include at the end of your essay, article, thesis, or dissertatio n. Its really one of the easiest ways to manage your sources while working on an academic writing assignment, although it doesnt offer some of the extended networking and crowd-sourced data provided by software like Zotero and Mendeley.If you choose to go this route for your citation management, heres a step-by-step tutorial on how to use Microsoft Words References tool for smarter academic writing. It will guide you through the process of creating citations and generating a bibliography once youve entered your sources.

Essay about Discerning Truth from Falsehood - 910 Words

Paradise Lost and Tartuffe are similar works, both exploring the subjects of truth and falsehood. As such, Miltons Paradise Lost portrays the continuous battle between good and evil. In Paradise Lost, Eve falls from the safety of the prelapsarian state into the insecure, sinful postlapsarian world because she is unable to distinguish truth from falsehood. Likewise, Moli#232;res Tartuffe exemplifies the problem of hypocrisy. Tartuffe explores the concept of how easy it is to deceive another person, while displaying how hard it can be to distinguish the truth. Thus, these works are similar in that they strive to reveal the difficulties in determining truth from falsehood and the problems that result from being unsuccessful in this†¦show more content†¦Surely, her creator would have answered her prayers and saved her from Satans tempting words. Furthermore, Eve could have been less hasty in her actions, and she could have discussed the situation with Adam before eating the fruit. In fact, sometimes the best way to deal with a problem is to discuss the state of affairs with another person, such as a friend or family member. However, Eve fails to discuss her choices at hand with anyone. Thus, Eves failure to acquire further advice regarding her situation and her contentment with accepting the serpents word as the truth lead to her banishment. Similarly, Tartuffe reveals that it is sometimes hard to discern the truth and reveals the negative consequences that exist if truth is not distinguished successfully. Orgon is blinded by Tartuffes false piousness. In fact, Orgon is so blinded by the truth that he disinherits his own son, Damis, when he tries to tell Orgon that Tartuffe professed his love to Elmire. Orgon exclaims, Well, go quickly, then. / I disinherit you; an empty purse/ Is all youll get from me--except my curse! (III.xi.67-9). Orgon is too blind to the truth to even recognize it when Tartuffe tells him that he is a fraud: Yes Brother, Im a wicked man, I fear: / A wretched sinner, all depraved and twisted, / The greatest villain that has ever existed (III.xi.2-4). Ironically, Orgon is still willing to alienate his entire family, the ones who truly care for him, for theShow MoreRelatedThis Clavicula Of Arte Magical, Surpassing Modern Confused1532 Words   |  7 PagesThis Clavicula of Arte Magical, surpassin g modern confused pen-folds that contain nothing other than mere dedicatory offerings to mundane tapestries and xoanon, shall impart unto thee an understanding of Witchcraft, in truth, from the horse s mouth. 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Derived as it is from the Latin’s ‘communis’, which means ‘common’, the idea of commonality is stressed frequently in talking about communication. Communication is a process, which increases commonality, but also requires elements of commonality for it to occur at allRead MoreThe Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection15551 Words   |  63 PagesPONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE VOCATION OF THE BUSINESS LEADER A REFLECTION FOREWORD From the 24th to 26th of February 2011 a seminar entitled â€Å"Caritas in Veritate: The Logic of Gift and the Meaning of Business† was held at the Pontiï ¬ cal Council for Justice and Peace (PCJP), in collaboration with the John A. Ryan Institute for Catholic Social Thought of the Center for Catholic Studies at the University of St. Thomas and the Ecophilos Foundation. The meeting followed the October

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 3507 Words

In order to more effectively address the growing problem of the ‘war on drugs,’ many countries are striving to decriminalize or legalize drugs such as marijuana, considered to be less harmful than other, more dangerous and addictive drugs. Marijuana is currently classified as a Class C drug in the United States, the inclusion of marijuana in the ‘war on drugs’ has not provided the kind of results expected. Rather than eliminating undesirable drugs from the streets, the war on drugs has had the effect of increasing the level of violence in the drug trade, encouraged the development of organized crime, filled prison cells to unprecedented and beyond capacity levels, consumed huge amounts of government capital and yet has done very little to reduce the presence of these drugs within the general population or the numbers of people who make use of them. More recent theories have suggested that legalizing, or at least decriminalizing, lesser drugs such as marijuan a may be a more effective approach as a means of reducing levels of violence, decrease incarceration, allow more individuals to remain productive members of society, and make more resources available to combat more harmful substances and criminals. To more fully understand the issue, available literature and theory regarding the topic of legalization will be examined as well as the results of decriminalization in those pockets of government where it’s been allowed and compare these to drug-related crime and possibleShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. 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Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the m edical side of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this would

Sir, Gawain’s Traits Free Essays

Gawain’s rise to the game. Arthurian legends are medieval romances that tell wondrous tales of fantasy and chivalry. The chivalric code of knights was highly revered as a way of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir, Gawain’s Traits or any similar topic only for you Order Now This code of bravery honor and loyalty was followed by every knight and royal in the medieval ages. Sir Gawain and the Green knight is a medieval romance that demonstrates Sir Gawain’s demonstrations and lack there of chivalry through his bravery, loyalty and honor. However he follows the code of chivalry more so than breaking it. One of Gawain’s traits that made him a model of chivalry is his bravery in the face of danger. Gawain was ready to take the challenge of the green knight and save his king from it as soon as he could. â€Å"Command me to step down from the dais and take this game. †(ML 123-124) King Arthur was the only knight to step up to the challenge, and seeing this wanting to protect him Sir Gawain decides to take the game from him. â€Å"’only you as my uncle have I any honor. † (ML138) In this situation, Gawain is also being loyal to his king and uncle by saving his life in taking the game. Gawain shows both modesty and hid courtesy towards his queen all just moments from he shows his bravery. â€Å"‘That I might without bad manners move down from my place (though I couldn’t if my liege lady disliked it)’ â€Å"(ML 128-129). Gawain is saying that he will listen to whatever his queen says to do, regardless of the situation he is in. Before he ta kes the challenge of the knight Gawain states â€Å"’My life would be the least missed if. † (Ml 137) Gawain, while sounding somewhat critical of himself, is actually demonstrating his great sense of modesty during the story Honor is a trait that is not found very much in this day and age. In the end, the lord of the castle discovers that not even Gawain was honorable to him. â€Å"You have failed me in our exchange, so I’ve trapped you here, that sash you wear by your scabbard belongs to me’† (ML348-350). Another trait that is highly regarded in this day and age is faith. There is faith in religion, faith in yourself, or even faith in objects. Gawain puts faith in a magical green sash that is enchanted and would save his life. (67) In conclusion, Gawain follows the code of chivalry and makes a worthy knight of the round table. Granted that some of the traits of chivalry are not his strong suit, Gawain still follows true to the almighty code that all of the knights follow. Any mistake that Sir Gawain made during this he was either forgiven for, or they went unnoticed, given that this is straying from the code, in the end Gawain is still the most worthy knight of the round table. How to cite Sir, Gawain’s Traits, Papers

Were they really Star

Were they really Star-crossd lovers? Essay Were Romeo and Juliet victims of predestination and fate, or were their tragic ends brought about through conscious choices? Include a discussion of language, literary conventions and dramatic devices to support your position For never was a story of more woe, than this of Juliet and her Romeo, (Act 1, Scene 1). This quote clearly shows the tragedy of Romeo and Juliets demise. In this essay, I will explore the reasons why Romeo and Juliet were star-crossd victims of fate, instead of blaming their conscious choices for their heartbreaking deaths. Although there were some wrong choices made, the majority of their fate was preordained. We will write a custom essay on Were they really Star-crossd lovers? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Shakespeare makes it very apparent to the audience that Romeo and Juliet are controlled by Fate. Before the play begins, Shakespeare summarizes the plot of the play in the prologue. A pair of star-crossed take their life. (Shakespeare, Act 1 Prologue L.6) Shakespeare refers to Romeo and Juliet as star-crossed, Furthermore, the prologue indicates a subsequent instance where their lives are driven by fate. Fate was believed at the time of Shakespeare because of the fascination of astrology. The planets thus were communicating agents from eternity to mankind, and the stars were said to dictate how everything under the moon changes. The stars were the medium between God and man, yet sometimes an Elizabethan audience may live in terror of them. This terror was mostly superstitious, as many believed the stars could actually cause bad things to happen, especially natural disasters. The fearful passage of their death-marked love. (Act 1 Prologue L.9). The romance between Romeo and Juliet is death-marked, meaning that it is intended to conclude their demise. Fate is the dominant force in Romeo and Juliet, more than any other character in the play. Romeos initial inciting with Juliet is based on Fate. God gi go-den. I pray, sir, can you read? (Act 1 Sc.2 L.58) The illiterate servant who asks Romeo to read the Capulet invitation list provides him the opportunity to be present at the Capulet party, if this event had not taken place, Juliet would most probably have married Paris. The whole balcony scene where Romeos love for Juliet is created as a result of fate. It is my lady! O, it is my love! (Act 2 Sc.2 L.10) Romeo avoided his friends and staggered into the Capulets orchard as Juliet came out on the balcony, a surprising occurrence of fate. Fate appears to work against Romeo. At the masque, Romeo encounters Tybalt, a conflict that eventually concludes in death for Tybalt and Mercutio, as well as banishment for Romeo. This, by his voice, should be a Montague. (Act 1 Sc.5 L.56) Tybalt discovers Romeos presence by over hearing a barely audible musing. It is predestination that provokes Romeo to encounter Juliet, and fate that irrevocably separates them. Juliet is subject to fate very similarly to Romeo. Juliets association with Romeo happens as a consequence of fate as well. Had Juliet initially identified Romeo as a Montague, she would not have associated with him, but she was unaware of this since she later asks her Nurse, What is yond Gentleman? (Act 2 Sc. 5 L.130). This proves that Juliet is infatuated with Romeo and falls immediately in love with him, only later finding out he is a Montague. Juliet had already fallen in love with Romeo when she states, My only love sprung from my only hate. Just like with Romeo, it is incidences of fate, such as this meeting, that guides her into the relationship. Mercutio is also affected powerfully by predestination; he dies because of it. Mercutio dies in a battle against Tybalt, but fate is his real murderer. Mercutio is brought into this circumstance by Fate. The conflict between Romeo and Tybalt caused Mercutio to attempt to provoke Tybalt to fight him instead. Romeo doesnt want to fight Tybalt, rather he says, good Capulet, which name I tender (Act 3 Sc.1 L.72). Mercutio finds this shameful, O calm dishonourable, vile submission! (Act 3 Sc.1 L.74) Romeo tries to stop the fight, any by doing so, causes Mercutio to be left open for a bother. Tybalt takes benefit of the circumstances and stabs Mercutio. Mercutio then dies, but because he was controlled by Romeo, not because Tybalt was the better fighter. Mercutio is evidently affected strongly by fate; it results his death. .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .postImageUrl , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:hover , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:visited , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:active { border:0!important; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:active , .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue912030c69ad684d2e4712344296436e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What does Priestley show the audience about responsibility EssayIn addition to prevailing in the lives of many main characters, predestination exerts a considerable influence on the plot a vastly authoritative pressure on the result of the play. Even though every character in the play worked against fate to attain their goals, in the end, fate manages to give Romeo and Juliet its tragedy difference rather successfully. Towards the end of the play, it looks as if Romeo and Juliet have a low chance of living happily ever after. Juliet is to wed Paris and Romeo is banished from Verona. Friar Lawrences arrangement is fully thought out and, if executed correctly, seems to be ab le to allow independence to Romeo and Juliet. Nevertheless, predestination strikes back, and the complete plan becomes a chaos. Firstly, the letter never gets to Romeo. The cause for this is that Friar Lawrences messenger was subjected to quarantine. This was not the fault of Friar Lawrence, the messenger, or Romeo; it was Fate. Because of this, Romeo and Juliets likelihood of happiness became very minute. Romeo goes to Juliets tomb and kills himself. Incredibly, had he waited just a few moments, he would have witnessed Juliets awakening; they would have escaped and lived happily ever after. But, due to a bizarre incidence of fate, Juliet awakens sees Romeo. This surprising ending alone is enough to propose that the entire plot has a hinged on Fate. Fates affect on the overall conclusion is disastrous. These two incidents alone alter the outcome entirely; let alone the numerous occurrences in the play. A pertinent question is: Is Shakespeare showing us spiritual fate, or is it purely a sequence of outlandishly unintentional events? In order to respond to this question, one must develop of an understanding the use of Fate earlier in plays. Early plays by Greek dramatists like Sophocles were encumbered with numerous references to Fate. In Oedipus Rex, for instance Oedipus is told he is destined to kill his father and married to his mother, which he does it. Due to religion, Shakespeare had to make Friar Lawrence a bad person to make sure that it would be accepted by the Protestant religion. come young waverer, come go with me, In one respect Ill thy assistant be: For this alliance may so happy prove (Act 2, Scene 3, Line 89-91) This quote shows that Friar Lawrence was made to be devil-like. Shakespeare had to do this so that the Queen approved of the play and allowed it to be shown in the theatre. A final account that includes features of both of the other explanations is also valid. Many viewers of the play think that Shakespeare was not referring to predestination in his work, and was not referring to luck either. An ordinary justification is that Shakespeare did have a religious belief that events that take place happen as a result of a superior energy. On the other hand, Shakespeare alleged these events were controlled, but not that they were prearranged. Somewhat the rationalization is that events take place ultimately as a consequence of our behaviour. Or simply, Shakespeare believed that the result of Romeo and Juliet happened as an effect of their sin. This view is also a suitable explanation of Shakespeares examples of fate in Romeo and Juliet. Nevertheless, one may believe Fate to be logically determined, directing the lives of Romeo and Juliet. In conclusion, predestination is the main influence in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The several aspects in the play that signify the presence of predestination include, the unlikely coincidence of Romeo not receiving the letter from Friar Lawrence, and Romeo and Juliet just missing the fact that they were both alive by just a few seconds. Clearly, Fate did play a crucial role in the play Romeo and Juliet.

FDRs New Deal essays

FDR's New Deal essays Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal did indeed represent a radical departure from previous American traditions in government and political economy. The New Deal marked the end, at least for that time and up to the present, of the dedication to laissez-faire government which, to varying degrees, had been held by Americans ever since the Revolution put an end to the British government's meddling in the American economy. Numerous examples of programs and agencies could be cited to illustrate this fact. Three will suffice: the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Social Security system. The Agricultural Adjustment Act essentially took farmers out of the free market and made the federal government responsible for determining what prices they received for what quantities of what crops. In order to raise prices the government sought to reduce supply by paying farmers not to plant. Where that was deemed an inadequate measure, ripe cotton was plowed under in exchange for government payments, and millions of pigs were bought, slaughtered, and wasted in order to curtail supplies still more. Later, the government undertook to buy and store commodities deemed to be surplus in order to keep the farmers' income up while keeping the commodities off the market and thus keeping the price up. This amounted to a subsidy to farmers paid by the nation's taxpayers. Never before had Americans accepted the idea that through the government one group within society should be subsidized by the rest of society. The Tennessee Valley Authority represented government ownership of the means of production - in this case power generating plants - and government competition with private enterprise in the sale of the product, electricity. A decade earlier the TVA would have been labeled "socialism," and so, by the textbook definition, it was. Yet the American people gradually came to accept it as a part of the role of government in soci ...

Demetri Martins Humorous Quotes on Life

Demetri Martin's Humorous Quotes on Life Demetri Martin has a relaxed demeanor. You just have to listen to him for a few seconds before you fall off your chair, laughing. Demetri is a gifted artist, but how is he best described? A comic musician? A comic actor? A writer? Now, thats a bundle of talent.   Food If you have a pear-shaped body, you should not wear pear-colored clothes or act juicy. My friend had a burrito. The next day he said, That burrito did not agree with me. I was like, Was the disagreement over whether or not youd have diarrhea? Let me guess who won. I tried to reason with it, I insisted, you know. I was like, I wanna go outside, I like these pants, but the burrito had his way. I like fruit baskets because it gives you the ability to mail someone a piece of fruit without appearing insane. Like, if someone just mailed you an apple youd be like Huh? What the hell is this? but if its in a fruit basket youre like, This is nice! I was making  pancakes  the other day and a fly flew into the kitchen. And thats when I realized that a spatula is a lot like a fly swatter. And a crushed fly is a lot like a blueberry. And a roommate is a lot like a fly eater. I feel stupid when I write the word banana. Its  like, how many  nas  are on this thing? Cause Im like Bana ... keep going. Bananana  ... damn. Word Play I noticed that there are no B batteries. I think thats to avoid confusion, cause if there were you wouldnt know if someone was stuttering. Yes, hello Id like some B-batteries. What kind? B-batteries. What kind? B-batteries! and D-batteries thats hard for foreigners. Yes, I would like de batteries. I think its interesting that cologne rhymes with alone. Saying Im sorry is the same as saying I apologize. Except at a funeral. Some jokes are short and elegant, like a mathematical proof or a midget in a ball gown. I like when good things happen to me, but I wait two weeks to tell anyone because I like to use the word fortnight. I like video games, but theyre really violent. Id like to play a  video game  where you help the people who were shot in all the other games. Itd be called Really Busy Hospital. I went into  a clothes  store and a lady came up to me and said, if you need anything, Im Jill. Ive never met anyone with a conditional identity before. The digital camera is a great invention because it allows us to reminisce. Instantly. I love women, but I feel like you cant trust some of them. Some of them are liars, you know? Like I was in the park and I met this girl, she was cute and she had a dog. And I went up to her; we started talking. She told me her dogs name. Then I said, Does he bite? She said, No. And I said, Oh yeah? Then how does he eat? Liar. A quick way to start a conversation is to say something like Whats your favorite color? A quick way to end a conversation is to say something like Whats your favorite color ...  person? I was on the street. This guy waved to me, and he came up to me and said, Im sorry, I thought you were someone else. And I said, I am. Sort of is such a harmless thing to say ... sort of. Its just a filler. Sort of ... it doesnt really mean anything. But after certain things, sort of means everything. Like ... after I love you ... or Youre going to live .. or Its a boy! I wonder what the word for dots looks like in Braille. Birthdays I wrapped my Christmas presents early this year, but I used the wrong paper. See, the paper I used said Happy Birthday  on it. I didnt want to waste it so I just wrote Jesus on it. It was my  friends birthday  and I was mad at him, so I sent him a card. It said  happy birthday, but I put quotes around the word Happy... sarcastic birthday, douche bag. Everything Else I like parties, but I dont like pinatas because the pinata promotes violence against flamboyant animals. Hey, theres a donkey with some pizzazz. Lets kick its ass. What Im trying to say is, dont make the same Halloween costume mistake that I did. Employee of the month is a good example of how somebody can be both a winner and a loser at the same time. I think that when you get dressed in the morning, sometimes youre really making a decision about your behavior for the day. Like if you put on flip-flops, youre saying: Hope I dont get chased today. Be nice to people in sneakers. My plumbing is all screwed up. Because it turns out, I do not own a garbage disposal. A lot of people dont like bumper stickers. I dont mind bumper stickers. To me, a bumper sticker is a shortcut. Its like a little sign that says Hey, lets never hang out. A drunk driver is very dangerous. So is a drunk backseat driver if hes persuasive. Dude, make a left. Those are trees. Trust me. If I have to move up in a building, I choose the elevator over the escalator. Because one time I was riding the escalator and I tripped. I fell down the stairs for an hour and a half. I used to play sports. Then I realized you can buy trophies. Now Im good at everything.

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geography - Essay Example Some of the most notable rivers in Tennessee include the Cumberland and the Mississippi. Geographically, the whole area is divided into three major parts namely East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, and West Tennessee. Natural resources are rich in Tennessee. From coal to gas to fruits and vegetables to rich soil to good climate, these resources offer immense merits to the public. There is a large amount of coal and other minerals which are needed for manufacturing purposes. The soil is so fertile that all kinds of fruits and vegetables can be grown here. Water is one of the most important natural resources. There is no water shortage in Tennessee due to huge water systems. These natural resources play a huge role in supporting the economy of the state. The climate is also very friendly because it is not unpredictable and the soil helps to support both crops and grazing. The nature of soil varies from region to region in

Management of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management of change - Essay Example ctively utilize the employees as well as suggesting suitable human resource management strategy that can be used to manage and empower the employees within the organisation. Implementing a new order in an organisation is concerned with change of the current operational system and in most cases change is met with resistance by many employees as a result of many factors. For the initiative to be successful, there is need for re-orientation of the workers through provision of basic training and development which would be closely monitored upon implementation as going to be illustrated using the lessons learned from the case study of Image Makers. The Image Makers advertising agency was founded in Switzerland in 1990 by two graduates who studied together at University. Over the years, the agency has grown and has received recognition within the industry for its innovation and creativity, particularly in the use of information technology which continued to develop tremendously. Inspired by the positive growth of the organisation, the two directors recently embarked on an initiative to establish Image Makers as an international company with offices across the globe. This was also necessitated by the organisation’s good reputation for being an innovative as well as a renowned company for attracting and retaining talented workers. However, this initiative redefined its performance history as well as its operations. This meant that some of the skilled workers were to be relocated to other countries where the organisation intended to open up offices. This led to the resignation of two managers, loss of two accounts personnel as well as some form of resistance from other employees which has led to poor performance among other things. Thus, the major aim of this essay is to suggest strategies that can be adopted and give a critical analysis of the best structure, culture, and systems that are necessary to make the change initiative work. A reflection about the action plan

Sex Trafficking And Prostitution Criminology Essay

Sex Trafficking And Prostitution Criminology Essay Trafficking n its dictionary meaning, the concept of trafficking denotes a trade in something that should not be traded in. The concept of trafficking in people refers to the criminal practice of exploitation of human beings whereby humans are treated as commodities for profit, subjected to various forms of exploitation. Sex trafficking is a type of human trafficking The definition contains three main elements that constitute trafficking:  [1]   1.Acts- recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person. 2.Means Threat/use of force ,other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception or abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability. 3. Purpose- Prostitution, forced labour or services, slavery , slavery like practices: servitude, organ trade. Trafficking involves the following: Movement of a person, with deception or coercion and into a situation of forced labour, prostitution slavery like practices: servitude. Trafficking can occur with or without crossing any international border. Prostitution is the sale of sexual services for money. prostitution the word itself speaks about the plight of the women. it is not a problem which exists in India but exists throughout the world. The Prostitution continued from ancient and medieval India and has taken a more gigantic outlook in modern India. India is one of the biggest market for prostitution in Asia with Mumbai alone Accommodating 200,000 prostitutes. The 1990s also witnessed a significant shift in the perception of flesh trade, by differentiating prostitution from trafficking, seeing it not merely as a moral or law enforcement problem, but as a human rights(including legal and democratic rights).violation linked to gender discriminate and disparity in development. Difference between trafficking and prostitution- often, trafficking is confused with prostitution. These are not synonymous. Trafficking is the process/ means while prostitution can be the result/end (of being trafficked). Trafficking is therefore the overall process while prostitution is the result. Human trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.  [2]  Human trafficking has a history coterminous with that of society and has existed in various forms in almost all civilisations and cultures. It is a trade that exploits the vulnerability of human beings, especially women and children, in complete violation of their human rights, and makes them objects of financial transactions through the use of force and duress, whether for the purpose of sex, labour, slavery, or servitude. The concept of trafficking denotes a trade in something that should not be traded in. Human trafficking as defined by the UN is, the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or service, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.  [3]   Human trafficking includes sexual exploitation, labour trafficking, etc. Nowadays even cross-border human trafficking is prevalent. India has a huge population and because of that and our dwindling economy many people live below the poverty line. The smugglers and traffickers promise them a better life- a ray of hope, jobs as domestic servants, in the film world or in factories. They can offer them money, pleasure trip invitations or false promises of marriage. The main targets are the poor, helpless people are the ones who are exploited the most. Social and religious practices too have been a big cause. The recruiters are the first in the chain -procurer- they may be parents, neighbours, relatives or lovers or people who have been trafficked before. The procurers move to the potential sites for victims which mostly are the poverty-stricken areas where there has been no proper rehabilitation and then they haunt the bus stops, railway stations, streets, etc. The period they choose for trafficking depends on if that place has suffered a drought or social or political disasters recently, so that it would be easier to lure in the already suffering victims. The procurers use drugs, abduction, kidnapping, persuasion or deception to bag the targets. They hand the victims to the brothel owners, escort services, or managers of a sex establishment. Sex Trafficking: The Concept Women and children from developing countries, and from vulnerable parts of society in developed countries, are lured by promises of decent employment into leaving their homes and travelling to what they consider will be a better life. Victims are often provided with false travel documents and an organized network is used to transport them to the destination country, where they find themselves forced into sexual slavery and held in inhumane conditions and constant fear. In India, public debate on the issue of trafficking of women and children for commercial sexual exploitation emerged in the 1990s.  [4]  Trafficking of Human being is one of the gravest and worst forms of violation of the basic human rights. Besides the physical trauma mental injuries that the victim suffers in the process are often unbearable. Victims lead a life of complete despair with no hope to emerge out of their pathetic conditions and in this state of neglect lead their lives in completely inhumane conditions. The traffickers deprive the victims of their most basic human rights. Victims of sexual abuse are subjected to physical violence and sexual abuse, and are held under duress against their will. They receive low or no wages. Hence, they have little or no savings. This combined with indebtedness to the trafficker keeps them in a situation of debt bondage and slavery. What gives impetus and fuels this business of flesh trade is a situation where a victim of sex traffick ing is sold against her wishes to a brothel by her procurer and the money that the procurer gets in return for her is a debt which the victim is compelled to pay in order to earn her freedom. What adds on to this problem is that a victim is often uneducated and unaware of the debt on her and continues to work for years to come in the flesh market under the belief that one day she would earn her freedom by repaying this entire amount. The victims are forced to work in extremely harsh and inhumane conditions, in extremely long working hours with little or no time for rest and also in a state of total physical confinement and bondage similar to imprisonment and have little or no control over their own movement. They are subjected to poor living conditions with abysmal hygiene and sanitation facilities.  [5]  Their extremely pitiable state is intensified when a victim contracts various diseases, unwanted pregnancies, physical injuries etc. They are on a high risk of STD, AIDS, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis etc. Victims have no recourse to even the basic medical needs and facilities. Social stigma and ostracism is the other problem the victims of sex trafficking made to undergo. There is no acceptance for a victim in the society during her stay and even after it if someone tries and emerges out of the clutches of a trafficker. Victims of trafficking are not accepted even by their family members thereby leaving them with no hope to even to them emerge out of it as the prospects of social rehabilitation and acceptance into the society seem not quiet alluring to a victim. They are exposed to drugs and other addictions, and sometimes forcibly made addicts in order to ensure their continued dependence on the trafficker. Once the victim falls into a traffickers clutches, she will be exploited without any hope of redresal as long as she is capable of earning. After she becomes old or ill, or is infected with HIV/AIDS, the trafficker abandons her. He no longer arranges for her bail or pays the fine for her pleading guilty, and she is left alone to face trial and the due process of Law. Trafficking is an offence and the trafficker is liable to punishment, irrespective of the consent of the trafficked person. Other than the fact of being trafficked, the traffickers deprive the victims of their most basic human rights in the following manner  [6]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are subjected to physical violence and sexual abuse, and are held under duress against their will. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They receive low or no wages. Hence, they have little or no savings. This combined with indebtedness to the trafficker keeps them in a situation of debt bondage and slavery.  [7]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are forced to work extremely long hours in inhuman working conditions leaving little time for rest. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They live in conditions of physical confinement similar to imprisonment and have little or no control over their own movement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are subjected to poor living conditions with abysmal hygiene and sanitation facilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The trafficker restricts their access to health or medical facilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They face social stigma and social ostracism in their daily lives and as a result undergo constant humiliation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are exposed to drugs and other addictions, and sometimes forcibly made addicts in order to ensure their continued dependence on the trafficker. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They face a continuous assault on their physical, psychological, and emotional health. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They face health risks such as physical injury, STD, HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancies, repeated abortions, gynaecological diseases, tuberculosis, and other disease. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They also face harassment from the police and prosecution, and convicted by the judicial system under the ITPA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ When they are no longer in a position to earn, they are abandoned and even the families who lived off their earnings do not support them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Children of women in prostitution, especially daughters, are prone to being trafficked themselves. They have no access to education and basic needs of life 1.1 Reasons for Trafficking Trafficking occurs not only for prostitution/commercial sexual exploitation. Women and children are trafficked for several other purposes, some of include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Forced labour, including bonded child labour, in the carpet, garment, and other industries/factories/worksites.  [8]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Forced or bonded domestic work may be bought and sold or forced to work in inhuman and violent conditions that include sexual abuse.  [9]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Forced labour in construction sites with little or no wages.  [10]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Forced employment in the entertainment industry, including bars, massage parlours, and similar establishments. In addition to poor or no pay and bad living conditions, sexual harassment is common. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Children are sometimes trafficked for begging. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organ trade such as sale of kidneys.  [11]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fraudulent or forced marriage: this includes sham, fraudulent, and illegal marriages, entered into by the man, residing in India or abroad, with the criminal intention of sexually exploiting the woman. Mail order brides where women are purchased or lured with false promises of a marriage abroad and subsequently recruited into prostitution is also a form of trafficking. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Camel jockeying often involves the sale of young children who are tied on a camels back for racing. Children are often badly hurt or killed in such races. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purchase and sale of babies for adoption, both within the country and abroad, against established laws and procedures for adoption. 1.2 Causes There are several factors that lead to trafficking of women and children or cause them to become victims of trafficking. These factors can be broadly classified into two categories: supply factors and demand factors Supply Factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Abject poverty sometimes forces parents to sell their children to traffickers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Harmful cultural practices often make women and children extremely vulnerable. Child marriage is sometimes the route for a child to be trafficked for sexual purposes. The stigma attached to single, widowed, and abandoned women, or second wives through bigamous marriages, causes such women to be abandoned by society. They become easy targets for traffickers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Female illiteracy and lack of access to education by girls. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Male unemployment and loss of family income puts pressure on women to earn and support the family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Natural calamities and poor rehabilitation of disaster victims puts pressure on women to earn and support the family. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dysfunctional families or families that have difficulty functioning and communicating in emotionally healthy ways; a family that has a negative environment, which contributes little to the personal development and growth of family members.  [12]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Desertion by one or the other parent, uncared for or abandoned children. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Traditional practices give social legitimacy to trafficking. These include the Devadasi and Jogin traditions where Devadasis are often trafficked and sexually exploited. This is equally applicable to other communities such as the Nats, Kanjars, and Bedias where traditionally girls are made to earn through prostitution. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Porous borders. Weak law enforcement and inefficient and corrupt policing of the borders ensure that women from neighbouring countries are brought into India and forced into prostitution in different towns. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clandestine nature of the crime and weak law enforcement. The crime does not come to light very often because of its clandestine nature. Victims are unable to access justice and even when they attempt to do so, weak law enforcement enables the traffickers to escape. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Urban opportunities. Many women are either lured by false promises of jobs in urban areas or they voluntarily migrate to urban areas on hearing about the opportunities in cities from their neighbours and friends. When a woman is pushed into prostitution due to these causes, the issue of consent of the trafficked person is not relevant. Even if a woman knows that she is being trafficked and gives her full consent, it does not absolve the trafficker of guilt. Trafficking is an offence irrespective of the womans consent (Sections 5 and 6 of the Immoral Traffic(Prevention) Act, 1956). Demand Factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rising male migration to urban areas and demand for commercial sex. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Growth of tourism, which sometimes indirectly encourages sex tourism. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Scare of HIV/AIDS and prevalent myths on sexuality and STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) leads to greater demand for newer and younger girls. The number of trafficked girls thus increases and their age decreases. 1.3 Concerns on Trafficking in India In the constitution of India Trafficking is prohibited.  [13]  Yet India is the Destination, source and transit for human trafficking primarily for commercial sexual exploitation, forced labour and with the falling sex ratio trafficking for marriages has become another factor for trafficking women and young girls. Trafficking of persons across the borders of Punjab and Bangladesh is not a cumbersome process, also Indias Policy of an open border with Nepal has made it difficult to identify trafficking.  [14]   There are a number of factors which are responsible for influencing trafficking of women and young girls in India. Women and young girls may be trafficked in India due to cultural practices and also because of poverty. Cultural Practices include the Devdasi System which is still prevalent in some parts of India as shown in a 2004 report by the National Human Rights Commission of the Government of India.  [15]  There are again many women who willingly migrate to the middle East, Europe and the United States to work as domestic labor who are defrauded by the placement agencies and sometimes trafficked. Women and Children trafficked within India are kept in conditions of involuntary servitude with characteristics such as withholding payment of wages, confiscation of travel documents non- adherence to conditions of work, inordinate profits to middle man. India is also a destination country for persons from Bangladesh and Nepal, and a bulk of those trafficked from these countries are women and children. In both cases the initial migration legal, illegal may be voluntary and subsequently migrants may be trafficked for sexual exploitation or any other factor. The numbers are very large, though precise figures are lacking and need to be tackled urgently. The 2010 Trafficking in persons Report  [16]  also points out that ninety percent of the trafficked persons belong to the most disadvantaged groups. It also carried evidence of NGO reports on duping of girls from north east India with Promises of jobs and then forcing them into prostitution as well as forced marriages. This heinous crime needs to be addressed urgently. There are legislations which deal with criminalizing a number of offences which are not specifically dealt with in the ITPA. These include penalizing acts such as procuring, buying and selling of human beings importing or exporting human beings, buying and selling minors, coercing or forcing marriage of minors, kidnapping and abducting and using force for the purpose of trafficking, slavery and slavery like conditions and unacceptable form of labor. A chart detailing miscellaneous legislations relevant to trafficking is given below.  [17]   LEGISLATIONS SECTION DETAILS OF THE PROVISION Indian Penal Code,1860 366 Kidnapping ,abducting or inducing a women to compel marriage. 366A Procuring a minor girl 366B Importation of a girl below 21 for sexual exploitation. 367 Kidnapping/abducting to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery. 370 Buying or disposing of a person as slave. 371 Habitual dealing in slaves. 372 Selling minor for prostitution 373 Buying minor for prostitution 374 Compelling a person to labour. Prohibition of Child Marriage Act,2006 12 Child marriage void if after that the minor is sold or trafficked or used for immoral purposes. Children (Pledging of Labour) Act,1933 4-6 Penalties for pledging labour of children(under 15 years) Bonded Labour System(Abolition )Act,1976 16 Compelling a person to render bonded labour or forced labour. Juvenile Justice Act,2000 2(vii) A child in need of care and protection includes one who is vulnerable and likely to be trafficked. 26 Procuring juveniles for hazardous employment. Trafficking and organised crime as defined by the law in India.- for the purpose of understanding cross border trafficking, especially in the context of organised crime, there are two definitions that need to be analysed, wiz, trafficking and organised crimes. How India defines and engages with these two terms is an indicator of the legal protection given to combat trafficking as an organised crime. Domestic Law of India There is no current central legislation in India with regard to organized crime. Some States however have legislated on the same. Maharashtra, which was the first State to have an Act,  [18]  defines organized crime as any continuing unlawful activity by an individual, singly or jointly, either as a member of an organized crime syndicate or on behalf of such syndicate, by use of violence or threat of violence or intimidation or coercion or other unlawful means, with the objective of gaining pecuniary benefits, or gaining undue economic or other advantage for himself or any other person, or promoting insurgency.  [19]   In the absence of a specific law on organized crime, reliance is placed on general provisions in criminal law dealing with common intention to commit an offence  [20]  , criminal conspiracy  [21]  and abetment. Anti-corruption laws may also be used. India has addressed trafficking both directly and indirectly in its Constitution. There are three Articles spread over Fundamental Rights in Part III and Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV which address trafficking related issues. The chart below summarizes the provisions. Provisions on Trafficking in the Constitution of India  [22]   Article 23 Fundamental Right prohibiting trafficking in human beings and forms of forced labor. Article 39(e) Directive Principle of State Policy directed at ensuring that health and strength of individuals are not abused and that no one is forced by economic necessity to do work unsuited to their age or strength.. Article 39(f) Directive Principle of State Policy stating that childhood and youth should be protected against exploitation. India has a written Constitution, and though the above provisions make Indias mandate on trafficking clear, penalizing and tackling trafficking is dealt with by legislation. The Constitution specifically mentions trafficking in human beings as well as forced labor and also indicates the special protection to be provided to vulnerable groups in society. The Constitution of India discusses provisions on trafficking at two levels one, at the level of Fundamental Rights which are basic rights available to all, irrespective of caste, creed, sex, place of birth, etc., and two, at the level of Directive Principles of State Policy. Fundamental Rights are justiciable and can be directly enforced in a court of law, whereas Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable and cannot be directly enforced in a Court of Law. However, Directive Principles play a major role in shaping the policy of the State and may sometimes be the basis that legislation is built on. As a Fundamental Right in Article 23, trafficking in human beings is prohibited as are all forms of forced labor. According to Directive Principles of State Policy in Articles 39(e) and (f), the health and strength of workers should not be abused. It prohibits exploitation of persons to perform work which is unsuitable for them. It also specifically protects children and you th against exploitation of any kind. While the provisions in the Directive Principles of State Policy do not mention trafficking, it mentions exploitation which is a key element in trafficking. 1.4 International legislation History of international legislation International pressure to address trafficking in women and children became a growing part of the social Reform movement in the United States and Europe during the late 19th century. International legislation against the trafficking of women and children began with the ratification of an international convention in 1901, followed by ratification of a second convention in 1904. These conventions were ratified by 34 countries. The first formal international research into the scope of the problem was funded by American philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, through the American Bureau of Social Hygiene  [23]  . In 1923, a committee from the bureau was tasked with investigating trafficking in 28 countries, interviewing approximately 5,000 informants and analyzing information over two years before issuing its final report. This was the first formal report on trafficking in women and children to be issued by an official body. The League of Nations, formed in 1919, took over as the international coordinator of legislation intended to end the trafficking of women and children. An international Conference on White Slave Traffic was held in 1921, attended by the 34 countries that ratified the 1901 and 1904 conventions. Another convention against trafficking was ratified by League members in 1922, and like the 1904 international convention, this one required ratifying countries to submit annual reports on their progress in tackling the problem. Compliance with this requirement was not complete, although it gradually improved: in 1924, approximately 34% of the member countries submitted reports as required, which rose to 46% in 1929, 52% in 1933, and 61% in 1934. 1921 International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children (sponsored by the League of Nations) Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others (United Nations General Assembly resolution, came into force in 1951) Current international laws Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage, and Registration of Marriages, entered into force in 1964 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children; and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) CHAPTER-II :: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICIES 2.1 Definition of Trafficking Article 3 of the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000, states: Trafficking in Persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer,harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery,servitude or the removal of organs.  [24]   Article 1 (3), SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution, signed by India on January 5, 2002, states: Trafficking means the moving, selling or buying of women and children for prostitution within and outside a country for monetary or other considerations with or without the consent of the of the person subjected to trafficking  [25]  . Article 1 (4) of the SAARC Convention defines Traffickers as: Traffickers means persons, agencies or institutions engaged in any form of trafficking. Article 34 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) states: States Parties undertake to protect the Child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, States Parties shall in particular take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent: (a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any lawful sexual activity; (b) The exploitative use of children in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices; (c) The exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials. Further, Article 35 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states: States Parties shall take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the abduction of, the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) does not specifically define trafficking. However, the ingredients of trafficking, such as sexual exploitation and abuse of persons; running of a brothel; living on the earnings of a prostitute; procuring, inducing or taking a person for the sake of prostitution; detaining a person for prostitution, etc., are contained in Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 of the Act. In the ITPA, (amended in 1978 and 1986), even though trafficking is not yet defined in accordance with the UN Protocol, To Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime or as per the SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution, the essential ingr

Cleanliness is Next to Goldenness Essay

Each fall thousands of high school graduates, enter their next phase of life, the college phase. Arriving on campus filled with excitement and waiting for all the hectic college experiences. Finding classrooms, ordering books, late night studying, parties and sleeping in till three in the afternoon. The freedom is nice. A large part of college students are busy doing homework and socializing with others, and don’t have enough time to clean their living environment. By creating a time schedule in which each roommate can clean a certain area in the dorm will overall enhance a healthier living quarters. After the acceptance into a college or university, the next relative question would be, â€Å"Who will my roommate be?† and â€Å"What he/she will be like!† As cited by Romos and Torgler, â€Å"Specifically, when academics see that other academics have violated the social norm of keeping the common room clean, all else being equal, the probability of their littering increases by around 40%† (Romos, J., & Torgler, B., 2013). An unclean living area could result in, â€Å"Clutter or filth, clutter can collect dirt, provide a hiding spot for pests, and can cause trips or falls† (National Center for Healthy Housing, n.p.). People would think that everyone’s natural instincts is to pick up after themselves when they see clothes on the floor, dirty dishes in the sink, or a carpet that needs to be vacuumed. But never the less, studies show if one person in the home is careless about his or her things, the opposite person will eventually adapt the careless r outine. Another viewpoint that could be taking into perspective is, probably the student is to busy to clean, or perhaps their parents cleaned their surrounding for them. Being the bigger person in this type of situation by just cleaning up after them could potentially create an environment of cleanliness and the careless person will catch on. Although, having a dorm room to call your own isn’t quite what it’s made up to be. It is in fact ‘your room’. However, students should be mindful that they are sharing their living quarters with others. Bliss stated that, †We came to feel that students really ought to take more responsibility for their own space† (as cited in Chronicle of Higher Education, 1999).  Adjusting to college, sharing a room, living room and sometimes a kitchen can be deceiving. One thing about being apart of the dorm lifestyle is sharing your space. Within that space is your belongings as well as two or more peoples belongings. And by just being in control of your own personal belongings can in the long run result in a more organized environment. Granted, you may have a very heavy schedule, adapting to college could be overwhelming and stressful. You may not have much time to pick up after yourself or clean your surroundings. Be mindful, if your roommate has an unorg anized space and your side is kept up neatly, do not alter your habits for someone else. If this situation accrues, I highly suggest to sit down with all your roommates to discuss who and when everyone should clean the dorm. Thus, gives you and your roommates the opportunity to vent their opinions as will as solve any miscommunication problems. Becoming an adult can be life changing, there is more things in life that you are responsible for, as stated by Kurtus, â€Å"A person who has a reputation of being responsible is trusted to do things on his or her own, without supervision† (Kurtus , 2001). Taking full responsibility and owning up to all the mishaps that go on in your dorm is vary important. Being irresponsible can lead to a dysfunctional living area and can potentially lead your other friends not wanted to come over, because it’s dirty, unorganized or just filled with clutter. Sharing the responsibility of your room, living room, bathroom and perhaps the kitchen, can ultimately change the way you and your roommates work together. Creating a schedule that can be posted on the wall for everyone to read, with a helpful layout of who and when each roommate will clean a certain area in the dorm. This schedule will effectively mold a healthier and cleaner environment as the semester or year goes. This will c reate an overall respect, responsibility, self control and comfort knowing that the dorm is kept up and clean. Me and my three other roommates personally created a flexible schedule that helped each one of us. Within the first week of school, we sat down and figured out our class schedule and a preferred time frame that everyone was comfortable with. Every two days someone for example, was in charge of the bathroom, and living room. Along with those responsibilities also came with  taking personal care of your bed side such as, picking clothes off the floor, an organized work area and a straighten bed. With my previous personal experience, I came to the conclusion that having a schedule in place makes a huge difference, compared to when I go into another dorm with four other girls and they do not have a schedule. I tend to notice that if there is no schedule in place, the roommates just live day by day lives, without thinking to clean. â€Å"The messy room is emblematic, a strident statement. Feeling entitled to live on his or her own, more independent, â€Å"It’s my space, it’s my decision, it’s my life† (Pickhardt, 2012). Everyone makes their own decisions, either good or bad. Whether or not it’s choosing to clean, organize or just leave your area dirty, it’s totally up to you. However it will result in major consequences that will effect you in the long run. Affectively, keeping your area clean can create great habits that you will continue to follow in the future. References Chronicle of Higher Education. (1999). Can somebody at least do my laundry?. Chronicle of Higher Education, 46(11), n.p. (no doi or database) Kurtus, R. (2001, April 18). Being responsible shows character. Retrieved from http://www.school-for-champions.com/character/responsible.htm National Center for Healthy Housing. (n.p.). Healthy homes. Retrieved from http://health.nv.gov/Healthy%20Homes/HH_Resource_Booklet.pdf Pickhardt, C. (2012). The messy room. Retrieved from http://www.netplaces.com/positive-discipline/supervision-the-second-factor/the-messy-room.htm Romos, J., & Torgler, B. . (2013). Are academics messy? testing the broken windows theory with a field experiment in the work environment. Review Of Law & Economics, 8(2), 563-574. doi: 10.1515/1555-5879.1617 Willoughby, B. J., & Carroll, J. S. (2009). The impact of living in co-ed resident halls on risk-taking among college students. Journal Of American College Health, 58(3), 241-246. Retrieved from SPORTDiscus with Full Text.

What Is The City Beautiful Movement

At the beginning of the 20th century, a leading urban designer named Frederick Law Olmsted was highly influential in transforming the American landscape. The industrial revolution was replacing American society with an urban economic boom. Cities were the focus of American enterprise and people flocked towards manufacturing centers as jobs in industry replaced jobs in agriculture. Urban populations rose drastically in the 19th century, and a host of problems became apparent. The incredible density created highly unsanitary conditions. Overcrowding, corruption of government and economic depressions promoted a climate of social unrest, violence, labor strikes and disease. Olmsted and his peers hoped to reverse these conditions by implementing the modern foundations of urban planning and design. This transformation of American urban landscapes was showcased at the Columbian Exposition and World Fair of 1893. He and other prominent planners replicated the Beaux-Arts style of Paris when designing the fairgrounds in Chicago. Because the buildings were painted a brilliant white, Chicago was dubbed the White City. History The term City Beautiful was then coined to describe the movements Utopian ideals. The techniques of the City Beautiful movement spread and were replicated by over 75 civic improvement societies headed mostly by upper-middle-class women between 1893 and 1899. The City Beautiful movement intended to utilize the current political and economic structure to create beautiful, spacious, and orderly cities that contained healthy open spaces and showcased public buildings that expressed the moral values of the city. It was suggested that people living in such cities would be more virtuous in preserving higher levels of morality and civic duty. Planning in the early 20th century focused on the geography of water supplies, sewage disposal and urban transportation. The cities of Washington D.C., Chicago, San Francisco, Detroit, Cleveland, Kansas City, Harrisburg, Seattle, Denver, and Dallas all showcased City Beautiful concepts. Although the movement’s progress drastically slowed during the Great Depression, its influence led to the city practical movement embodied in the works of Bertram Goodhue, John Nolen, and Edward H. Bennett. These early 20th century ideals created the framework for today’s urban planning and design theories.