Stalin`s Rise Essay Example For Students

Stalin`s Rise Essay Stalins rise to power was a combination of his ability to manipulate situationsand the failure of others to prevent him from taking power, especially LeonTrotsky. Trotsky did not take advantage of several opportunities which wouldhave helped him to crush Stalin politically. When he failed to take advantage ofthese opportunities, Stalin maneuvered himself into a stronger position withinthe party by allying with Zinoviev and Kamenev. He manipulated them intocrushing Trotsky, thus eliminating the strongest opponent in his path to power. Stalin deftly avoided potential political ruin when Lenin formulated hisTestament in December 1922. Lenins Testament described what he thought of thefuture of the Party and Party leaders, especially Trotsky and Stalin. Leninwarned of a potential split in which Stalin and Trotsky would be the chieffactors. When describing Stalin, Lenin felt that he had concentratedunlimited authority in his hands and whether he will always becapable of using that authority with sufficient caution. (Clark 472). Thecontent of Lenins Testament eventually became more detrimental to Trotsky thanStalin. Coupled with the Lenin incidentally undermining Trotsky, Stalinmanipulated the content of the Testament to enhance his stature. By mentioningStalin as one of the prominent members of the Party, Lenin raised Stalinsstature to that of Trotsky. The equivalent stature of Stalin and Trotsky madeTrotsky seem to be less important in relation to Lenin and thus to the Partyapparatus. Further damaging Trotsky, Lenin d escribed him as possessingexcessive self-confidence and overly attracted by the purelyadministrative aspects of affairs (Clark 472) The lattercharacterization of Trotsky was one that Stalin employed against him throughouttheir struggle for power. Lenin then added a postscript to the Testament onJanuary 4, 1923, characterizing Stalin as a poor choice for Secretary General bystating, Stalin is too rude and this defect becomes intolerable in aSecretary General. (Clark 474). Lenin continued on to state thatthe comrades think about a way of removing Stalin from that post andappointing another man (Clark 474). Lenin felt that if the removal ofStalin was not acted upon, the conflict between Trotsky and Stalin wouldescalate, which would in turn endanger the party as a whole. Combined with theTestament, the Postscript could have served as a tool for Trotsky to obtainpower, instead Stalin squashed it in the Central Committee. Another possibleadvantage left unused by Trotsky was Lenins disagre ement with Stalin on how tohandle the Georgian Affair. During the war with Poland, the Soviet republicsigned a treaty with the Menshevik government of Georgia, whichsolemnly undertook to respect Georgian independence. (Segal 240). Leninwanted to maintain that Georgia remained a sovereign and independentunit which would have joined the Russian federative state. (Clark 477). AsCommissar of Nationalities, Stalin ordered the suppression of the Menshevikparty in Georgia. In order to achieve his goal, Stalin was preparing aconstitution which was to be much more centralistic and wouldcurtail and abrogate the rights of the non-Russian nationalities Alsoin this new constitution, Stalin was going to change Soviet Federationof republics into the Soviet Union. (Pro 51) Through a series of notes,after the postscript, Lenin, with a guilty conscience, admitted that he had notsufficiently stopped the new oppression of the weak by the strong and viewed thecentralistic nature of Stalins scheme as bei ng borrowed from Tsardom andonly just covered with a Soviet veneer (Pro 71). He proceeded todictate notes on the Georgian Affair, which were scathing criticisms of Stalinsconduct. He described Stalin as a truly Russian man, the Great Russianchauvinist, who is essentially an oppressor (Pro 71). Lenincommunicated to Trotsky that he desired him take upon yourself thedefense of the Georgian affair at the Central Committee (Clark 479) andattached a copy of his notes on the subject. Warning Trotsky not to showweakness or uncertainty and not to accept any compromises that Stalin mightoffer. He stressed the need to avoid warning Stalin and his associates of theoffensive. Stalins antagonism towards Trotsky was apparent. He criticizedStalins performance as Commissar of Rabkrin by stating that it wasuseless to look to Rabkrin for guidance if the need arises for any change ofpolicy or for any serious reform in organization (Pro 47). Zinoviev,the most popular member of the Politbureau, acted as Lenins loud andstormy mouthpiece whos knowledge about the world was unrefined andunpolished consequently leaving him devoured by ambition to rise higher inthe party (Pro 79). Kamenev, though less popular, was more respected byinner party leaders. Armed with a more cultivated intellect and a steadiercharacter Kamenev was attracted by moderate ideas and policies which set him upas Zinovievs idealistic balance. Their traits complemented each other and thusthey compromised and worked together well. The combination of these threeleaders produced a majority against Trotsky in the Politbureau. Instead ofexecuting Lenins intentions, he proceeded to accept an undesirable compromise. .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .postImageUrl , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:hover , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:visited , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:active { border:0!important; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:active , .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2818c9358567a00000b698a3fd51d20a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Noah Webster Essay We will write a custom essay on Stalin`s Rise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lenin intended on expelling Stalin from the party for at least two years. Trotsky stated that he was against removing Stalin but he agreedwith Lenin in substance (Pro90). He wanted Stalin to apologize toKrupskaya, behave more loyally to his colleagues, and most importantly stoppushing the Georgians around. Stalin accepted these terms with great enthusiasm. Eager to rectify his behavior, Stalin prepared a written statement to thegeneral congress that denounced the Great Russian Chauvinism that was beingexacted upon the Georgians. The most serious of Lenins strokes occurred afterthis. The final stroke was debilitated him, by paralyzing him, rendering himspeechless, and causing him to suffer from sporadic spells of unconsciousness. The generous terms of Trotskys compromise and Lenins last stroke had multipleeffects upon his ability to obtain party leadership and affected how Stalinpursued his leadership goals. Stalins triumvirate successfully kept LeninsTestament and Postscript inside of the Central Committee. Kamenev objected bystating that it should not be published because it was not a speech givenat the Politbureau. (Vol 243) Zinoviev thought that the document shouldonly be distributed to the Central Committee. Stalin suggested that there was noreason to publish the document because Lenin did not leave any instructions to. Tomsky, Solts and Slavatinskaya, all agreed with Zinoviev. The opposition topublication was apparent and the triumvirate succeeded in suppressing Leninsdocuments. Further action against Trotsky was being undertaken by thetriumvirate. By using his position as the General Secretary of the Party, Stalinbegan to install supporters of the ring in place of Trotsky supporters. Partyorganizers were employed on the criteria that they were against Trotsky. Political biographies were being reviewed and references to Trotsky were beingreduced thus slowly eliminating him from important moments in history. The deathof Lenin in January of 1924 allowed the triumvirate to begin to openly attackTrotsky. They labeled Trotsky a factionalist. He wrote two letter that gaveStalin and his allies enough ammunition to render Trotsky politically powerless. In the first letter Trotsky blamed the Scissors Crisis on seriouserrors of economic and political management by the leadership which was aneffect of the extreme worsening of internal Party conditions was due to theprocess of bureaucratization that had overwhelmed the Party The nextletter, named the ?Trotskyist Manifesto, stated that, the Partyhierarchy, increasingly selects the memberships of conferences and congress changing them into mere extensions of the hierarchy and the factionalism mustbe stopped by those who instituted it and a more comradely unit must beinstalled in order to achieve internal Party democracy. (Vol 248). Thisletter opened up the opportunity to accuse Trotsky of reverting back toMenshevism. The Thirteenth Party Congress proceeded to condemn Trotsky and hissupporters opinions as a Menshevik revision of Bolshevism.(Vol249) Labeling Trotsky as a factionalist enabled Stalin to finally start topoint out how Trotsky was in disagreement with Lenin and thus was an enemy tothe Party. Stalin took this power and developed himself into the interpreter ofLeninism. Stalin worked on eroding Trotskys reputation that was built upon theOctober revolution and the civil war. He characterized Trotskys roles in theaffairs to be over inflated. Eventually, after constant political attack,Trotsky was informed that under article 58 of the criminal code, i.e. the charge of counter-revolutionary activity(Pro 391) he would bedeported to Alma Ata in Turkestan. Expulsion was the last step in Trotskysfailure to achieve power. He was taken to Constantinople from where heeventually emigrated to Mexico. Stalins ability to take advantage of Trotskyserrors allowed him to move on to crush the less significant former alliesKamenev and Zinoviev. After eliminating his political opponents Stalin would notbe opposed by anyone until his death.

EKEN Power Bands

EKEN Power Bands Executive Summary Considering the international relations from the trading position, we have chosen the idea of confronting of the Australian market and the American market with the purpose to help Australian EKEN Power Bands brand expend at the international arena.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on EKEN Power Bands specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We are going to consider the product and its significance at the Australian and US markets, identify competitors, check the options for entering international markets and expand there, underline the country of product origin and the consumers behaviour there, consider American consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, point to the market segmentation, target audience and positioning and on the basis of this information highlight international marketing mix and other related factors with the recommendations EKEN Power Bands should follow if it wants to enter international market and expand there. Having chosen a good advertising strategy, offering unique bands, an office in Los Angeles, creating positive public image in the country of origin and correspondence to the newest technological developments may result in high consumer activities and raise of selling rates in the USA. Country-of-Origin, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Consumer Animosity Country-of-origin Australia is the country which produces EKEN Power Bands and is considered to be its place or origin. The country is developed in the relation to sport, but it seems to be seasonal and the company wants to provide year cycle business. Australian customers are rather prejudiced to the innovation. Much influence is provided by mass media, but the credibility of their impact is rather doubtful. The Australian market is full of sceptical views, the media is a powerful weapon in persuading the minds of people. The negative effect from such news is obvious. Once the news reported that â€Å"A Wristband clai ming to boost strength, balance and flexibility has been exposed as a fake† (Mawby, N 2010), people have taken the same side. However, mass media offers minimum reasons and it is impossible to draw conclusions about the reasonableness of such statement (Dowling Weeks 2011). This is the main characteristic of the Australian market as the country of origin for EKEN Power Bands. Consumer Ethnocentrism It should be stated that much attention is paid to the consumer ethnocentrism, as this issue influences customers’ choice, and as a result, defines market segmentation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering consumer ethnocentrism, it should be mentioned that a lot of different factors may be considered as both advantageous and disadvantageous for the country of origin (Parts 2007). Trying to struggle over the American consumer ethnocentrism, EKEN Pow er Bands has taken a good strategy. The brand uses famous sport stars to impact Americans. According to the customers’ priorities, Americans’ choice can be in favour of the products used by the celebrities. When famous sportsmen wear the products by EKEN, people are tend to notice it and buy the advertised items, to make sure that they have reached their idol at least in cloths elements. Such strategy is going to help EKEN Power Bands avoid consumer ethnocentric relation from the American consumers. Consumer Animosity Consumer animosity in the relation to a specific country is defined as â€Å"the remnants of antipathy related to previous or ongoing military, political or economic events† (Lwin, Stanaland Williams 2010, p. 249) and â€Å"affects the intension of buy products imported from that country† (Hoffmann, Mai Smirnova 2011, p. 236). There are three main reasons which may cause animosity, that is perceived threat, antithetical political attitudes , and negative personal experiences (Hoffmann, Mai Smirnova 2011). There is no consumer animosity of Americans in the relation to Australia what is good news for EKEN which should not worry about this problem. The main difference between consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity is that the first notion shows antipathy to all foreign products and their consideration of bad quality, and in case of the second notion, the antipathy is based on the negative attitude to the specific country and may not be connected with goods quality. Conclusion Recommendations In conclusion, it should be stated that Australian company EKEN Power Bands has chosen a good international strategy. Focusing on people who are either fond of sport or going in for sports on the professional basis, the company has chosen the USA as the target market with the advertising campaign directed at the encouraging people to but bands by means of using celebrities and sport stars, EKEN Power Bands is going to achiev e good success, if other international market factors are followed. It has been stated that EKEN Power Bands should work more to establish successful public relation in Australia and not to make company’s public image in Australia (influenced negative by a number of unsupported publications which pointed to the usefulness of bands) spoil its sales in the USA.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on EKEN Power Bands specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, it can be stated that the choice of the target market and target audience helps the company implement successful market segmentation and occupy a niche at the American market as EKEN Power Bands position itself as the one which produces unique products. Reference List Dowling, G Weeks, W 2011, ‘Media analysis: what is it worth?’, Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 32, iss. 1, pp. 26-33. Hoffmann, S, Mai, R Smirnova, M 2011, Development and Valid ation of a Cross-Nationally Stable Scale of Consumer Animosity, Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 235-252. Lwin, M, Stanaland, A Williams, J 2010, Exporting America, International Journal of Advertising, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 245-278. Mawby, N 2010, ‘Power Balance wristbands exposed as a sham’, Herald Sun, 23 December, https://www.news.com.au/technology/power-wristbands-banned-and-refunds-ordered-by-accc/news-story/a084dc95add900567d5ee9918203577e Parts, O 2007, The Measurement of Consumer Ethnocentrism and COO Effect in Consumer Research, Transformations in Business and Economics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 139-154.

Bipolar Disorder 2

Bipolar Disorder 2 Essay Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is important that we keep looking for explanations of its causes and for more ways to treat this disorder. Bipolar has a large variety of symptoms, divided in two categories. One is the manic episodes, the other is depressive. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can turn into feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and reoccurring thoughts of death and suicide. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a deep sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, problems with concentrations and driving. Bipolar affective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females.Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes do experience a period of depression. Symptoms include elated, excited, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessive involvement in reckless activities. As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has found out in their research, bipolar disorder can create marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. Many times, bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer and increase in frequency as the person ages. Many timess bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. A typical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in their lifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience more episodes of mania and depression that follow each other without a period of remission. The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. Hypomania progresses into mania and the transition is marked by extreme loss of judgment. Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin. The third stage of mania is evident when the patient experiences paranoid delusions. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes turns into violence. Sometimes both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time. This is called a mixed episode. Those affected are at special risk because there is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety that make them feel like they could jump out of their skin. Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressed moods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet, they have the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania is another form of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present with four or more episodes within a 12 month period. Lithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder since its introduction in the 1960s. Its main function is to stabilize the cycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studies by F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate for bipolar subjects treated with Lithium was 78% (1990). Lithium is also the primary drug used for long- term maintenance of bipolar disorder. In a .

Chart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chart - Essay Example It takes a gut-level feeling to silently communicate knowledge to your students. A proof I have for this is the list of all the â€Å"technically† good teachers I had since nursery, but only some of them were able to tap into my inner thirst and motivation to learn (Moore 5). If effectiveness in teaching relies on these dispositions, then it proves all the more that teaching is not only science, but also an art. Although there is always the possibility that these skills may be learned, most of the times, they are inborn. And yes, I agree that effective teachers should possess these qualities, because I believe that teaching and learning are interactions between teachers and students. The better the interaction is, the better the passing-on of knowledge is. I support inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. I believe that learning is not about restricting, but in expanding the horizon for the learners. If they are able to interact with other students, then they should be placed in that environment. Besides, we allow them to learn so that they will be able to stand up on their own in the future --- and in that future, they will be surrounded by people without disabilities. There are several professional teaching standards in place that ensure the quality of teachers available to students. Upon reviewing their criteria, it is interesting to note that the standards are different from one state to another. It would have been better if the standards are the same because it tells you that they are really after the quality. Having different requirements makes the process look like just another licensure program. Curriculum will continue to change because the areas of needs --- the subject, the student, and the society --- evolve. For one, we now have inclusive education --- something that we did not have several decades back. We also witness the rapid increase in multicultural classrooms nowadays. With the

My Education Philosophy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Education Philosophy - Personal Statement Example Throughout my life, I have always been prepared and organized in my academic career. I want to be a teacher in order to narrow the gap between theory and practice. The theory and pedagogies that I acquired in the classrooms truly expanded and implemented theories and practices that I can embed in the classrooms. This course explored the roles of the writing tutor, strategies for maintaining interpersonal interaction, and challenges that tutors overcame. As a tutor, it is important to account for the differences in learning styles that are prevalent between students. I feel that the role of the teacher is to act as a facilitator, paving the channels of knowledge, nurture, and creating an environment of collaboration that can truly create an aura of formidable experience for a student. I firmly belief that my academic education along with engagements in peer tutoring is critical towards my pursuit to obtain my education that not only will harness my growth in professional development, but will enable me to gain a better sense of the law that govern society. As a dedicated student, my work ethics along with my superb leadership skills have become the catalyst for my academic success. I look forward to fresh set of challenges that I will have to overcome not only as a student, but as a young adult ready to explore the essence of real

Wall Street Women Essay Example for Free

Wall Street Women Essay The book Wall Street Women is book talking about the first generation women who have been able to establish themselves as professional in Wall Street. It goes back to the 1960’s when women began their careers and were faced by blatant discrimination and challenges in their advancement, they created and formed formal and informal associations with an aim of bolstering each other’s careers. This historical ethnography by Melissa S. Fisher borrows from fieldwork, archival research and extensive interviews with successful women of the first generation in Wall Street. She goes on to describe their professional and political associations most common being the Women’s Campaign Fund and the Financial Women’s Association of New York which were groups formed to promote the election of pro-choice women. Melissa S. Fisher charts the evolution of women’s careers and how they have grown both politically and economically. She looks at the changes in their perspectives and the cultural climate in Wall Street as well as the 2008 financial collapse. In Wall Street most of the pioneering subjects never participated in the women’s movement that had been happening in the 1960’s and 1970’s. She argues that these women did produce a â€Å"market feminism† which was in line with the liberal feminist ideas on meritocracy and gender equity with the logic of the market. This is a book that has been well researched and thoroughly documented and it’s a portrait of pioneer women by providing context for understanding the emergent discourse of feminizing markets. Fisher saw an opportunity to carve out a niche within the academic literature to examine career movements and the underlying motivation for women in Wall Street. She began by interviewing a group of 20 women who were in senior level management in 1993. She went on to keep in touch with them to throughout the financial crisis and kept track of their careers and identified their frustrations and challenges as well as ultimately locating their trajectories within a cultural framework. The results of this research ended up in a book Wall Street Women. Discussion Wall Street Women looks into what it’s really like to make a career in the boardrooms of the incorrigible boys club of high finance. Fisher is a scholar at New York University in the department of Social and Cultural Analysis and traces fifty years of the personal and professional lives of the first generation women who make it as executives on Wall Street. The females in this book served in the top most units of major investment banks and brokerage firms as well as ran their own boutique management firms. She did a decade worth of research with interviews conducted in offices in London and New York. All this female professionals were picked from fundraisers and networks during events at the Upper East Side manses and they were followed up even after the financial crisis. She displays how women who made it on Wall Street deftly deployed their supposedly innate risk-averse qualities to be able to stay at the top of their game. This means that women had to deploy their female innate qualities to be able to stay afloat for a long term. Since the 1990’s female executives have cast and portrayed themselves as prudent â€Å"mothers making family purchases† this is directly opposite to the hot-blooded male investors on Wall Street. These same traits that made these women would be â€Å"saviors of the economy†. According to Fisher this is a function strategy and not part of a biological function. Some people believe that women are more conservative and risk-averse than their male counterparts. Some also believe that if women had filled more top leadership roles the financial crisis and recession would not have come out that way. They believe that things would have unfolded differently. According to Wall Street Women it shows like women have different intrinsic qualities and are capable of handling issues different. According to Fisher this is not purely biological rather its psychological asp ect. Its more on the socialization nature of women rather, women are brought up to inhabit and possess some of this characters and qualities. There could be a connection between being a woman and being risk-averse. The bottom line however is that it never about the women; it’s always about the powers that are in play. Systems of power play a big role in influencing socialization and how people run things. People need to realize that some of these ideas are culturally constructed and can be changed if people became more culturally conscious on issues being raised. Wall Street Women does not reveal the names of the women or the names of their firms. However, the book does give us the pleasure of hearing conversations that take place behind closed doors in corporate boardrooms and offices. These women in Wall Street dish and talk about the guys in their offices and companies they really dish. The women in book share their fears on what men think of them and they are unnervingly nervous. One of the female executives is worried about the lay-off post crash due to the recession and is worried that she is becoming a â€Å"a bag lady†. This is a really odd concern by a multimillionaire. In the same scenario we get a younger employee who wants to take a maternity leave being told by her female boss â€Å"As far as I’m concerned, you have screwed up your job†. There is an aspect of homo sociality in the book, where employers in most sectors tend to hire other who act and look like them. This only means one thing that even at that time fewer women got hired in Wall Street. This scenario has led to fewer women being promoted and moving up the ladder. One wonders if recognizing this as a phenomenon in the business world is going to help change things and if it’s an innate practice how can society help change it. Fisher shows us that is really hard to completely take over power over culture. Some of these practices are ingrained in peoples mind and they believe in them. These are broader economic systems and it will require a large number of women in the sector to be able to pressure them to a point of rupture. To change some ideologies and stereotypes against women there is need for more women to rise and become professionals so that they can become part of the change mechanism. By rising and proving to the world that its possible for some belief systems to be brought down women will be able to influence some of the issues that are facing them. The groups of female executives in Wall Street Women are an example of what women can become when they believe in themselves and when they raise to the occasion and work towards empowering themselves. Women need to be their own champions when it comes to matters changing how society views them. Having a few women at the top and running things does not change things. As seen in Wall Street Women things in the business world on matters involving women did not change much even when this few women worked their way to the top and ran successful businesses. Today the world hasn’t accepted the fact that women can take control of things and handle bu siness well even when a few have risen to the occasion and done so. Some of the policies in the workplace do not accommodate women. However, there some policies being implemented for the good of women but when it comes to real practice the story is not the same. One example is with flexible time, men are not the ones who are supposed to take flex time. Even with some of these policies in place culture and cultural beliefs still come into play. Sometimes and actual shift may not take place because there is a stronger cultural hold that is informal and is prevailing over formal rule. Most of the women in the book Wall Street Women started their business careers back in the early 1970’s and were beneficiaries of the post war affluence that democratized and reigned college enrollment. They were also boosted by the civil rights-era laws that banned hiring discrimination laws that mostly locked women out of the corporate and business world. Wall Street was becoming more diverse. Wall Street had become more meritocratic as well as relatively diverse with a great number of middle-class strivers without the luster of a distinguished family pedigree and joined investment banks and brokerage firms. These women did not have MBA’s and insider connections, a common path that cut through the banking industry research divisions as well as back office support when they joined Wall Street. The brokers had all the unrepentant brashness and frat boy chumminess but they still went on and depended on number crunchers. When the deal making became more complex and harder the need for more research grew and became more important. Fisher says, â€Å"Joined investment bankers and traders in the ‘front office’†. These women had to go down on the ground to do the research on investment and study markets for themselves. They never allowed whatever they lacked disrupt them or make them miss in their goal to success. For this women change came slowly, with time they learnt the ropes and got to know how to overcome challenges. Wall Street was not smooth sailing they had to stand and learn the trick behind all those deals and business transactions. Back in the 1970’s there were less than 100 professional women working on Wall Street. They had to negotiate work attire when there were no models that they could draw from and they had constant headaches for those who didn’t want to look like secretaries. Some of the female investors even donned suits and ties just like their men colleagues in the business. â€Å"I feel like I am Jane Goodall†, was marveled by one woman recalling the dynamics of a male-run board meeting. The first professional group of women in Wall Street was the Financial Women’s Association was formed in 1956. By all accounts the women group was very conservative and in 1978 they voted against advocating the Equal Rights Amendment. They worked to advance themselves on Wall Street as they felt they couldn’t be overtly political. They became more relaxed in their fight for equality in the work place as well as the business world. The Financial Women Association and an offshoot the Women’s Campaign Fund played a central and important role in another movement that funded an early generation of women politicians. By the 1990’s the group of female investors that Fisher was studying presented the first organized group of rich women who weren’t heiresses and widows. They had made their way to the top and on the way had made a lot of money to help the stay there. These women would go on to bankroll a new wave of pro-choice female candidates. They started influencing other sectors apart from the business world in Wall Street. In this part Fisher goes on to explain a little known bit of history. These women furthered the careers of women like the former Texas Governor Ann Richards as well as Senators Olympia Snowe a Republican from Maine and Barbara Boxer a Democrat from California. Back then there was an advocacy for corporate diversity and affirmative action ideas that did not seem to sit well with the women in Wall Street in Fishers book. Congress had mandated a twelve week of unpaid maternity leave in the year 1993. One wonders now that they were the bosses in these companies, how generous should they be to younger women? â€Å"We expected so little in the way of a combination of work and family,† one of the women said. â€Å" I was shocked at the entitlement of the younger women†. By the time the bottom went down out of the market most of the female investors in Fishers book were coming into retirement. The financial recession did not only raise discomforting questions and it saw women both old and young get purged into Wall Street ranks. Currently the financial sector has the biggest gender gap wage compared to other profession. The statistics stand at 55 ¢ to 62 ¢ for every $1 made by men, compared to 77 ¢ on average. On their own many of the women regretted their laser like focus when it came to individual advancement and they sought to stay clear of what had happened. One of the female investors laments â€Å"Wall Street as a casino is not the Wall Street we all entered†. Conclusion The book shows the extent to which women think they are feminist. While there is a group of women out there who are marching in the streets championing for the rights of women, there others who have entered the Wall Street and been there for some decades and are working on enacting the feminism. Most of the women who were interviewed by Melissa Fisher for her book Wall Street Women show us a group of women who take the advocacy into a higher level and moved in to change things. Women not only need to advocate for their rights and what they belief but they also need to empower themselves, believe in themselves and work towards setting the pace. Wall Street Women is a representation of what women can do when they believe in themselves. The women in this book came from different background and possessed diverse capabilities but their belief in success allowed them to enter what was believed to be a â€Å"male world† and take over by storm. Although they never got the chance to run and change things as they wished and believed, they got a chance to stand and represent women and show that it can be done. The women never had the pedigree qualities that some heiresses and widows of wealthy men in the business world but they have been able to take over and forge the way to their success as well as encourage others. If women can be able to support and empower each other as seen in the way this female executives supported the pro-life politicians there is a possibility that women will be able to bring the change they believe in. these women faced blatant discrimination and barriers to advancement, they created formal and informal associations to push and support each other’s careers. Work Cited Fisher, S. M. Wall Street Women. Duke University Press. 2012. Print. Wall Street Women. Retrieved from: http://www.amazon.com/Wall-Street-Women-Melissa-Fisher/dp/0822353458. Fisher, M. Wall Street Women. Retrieved from: http://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-0-8223-5345-4_601.pdf. Analysis of Wall Street Women. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-07-26/book-review-wall-street-women-by-melissa-s-dot-fisher. Melissa Fisher: Wall Street Woman. Retrieved from: http://www.nyu.edu/global/global-academic-centers/washington-dc/nyu-washingtondc-events/melissa-s-fisher-wall-street-women.html

Gastric Bypass :: essays research papers

Gastric Bypass More than 40,000 people a year are so desperate to lose weight they turn to the controversial, sometimes life-threatening surgery such as Gastric Bypass. I will be explaining what the surgery entitles, disadvantages vs. advantages. And most important, is Gastric bypass surgery the right choice when considering the risks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most common form of â€Å"stomach stapling† is gastric bypass. In this procedure, a small pouch is formed in the stomach and stapled shut. The small intestine is then cut and stapled onto the pouch, shrinking the stomach’s ability to take in food. The technique involves removing a section of the stomach and rearranging the small bowel to divert bile and pancreatic secretions away from the food stream. Fats and starches flow through without being absorbed. In order to be a candidate for the surgery, patients must be considered morbidly obese or at least 100 pounds overwei ght. Before an individual gets the go-ahead, he or she meets with doctors and psychologists to rule out all other ways of help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surgery may sound like the best option for a morbidly overweight person, but a small figure comes at a high price. There are health risks and the side effects can be fatal. Three people will die during every 1,000 procedures, according to the ASBS. Let me tell you about more disadvantages. More than one-third of obese patients who have gastric surgery develop gallstones. Nearly one in three develop nutritional deficiencies. Patients could also be at risk for anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. However, these side effects can be avoided with the proper amount of vitamin and mineral supplements. Up to 20 percent of patients who undergo the operation will require follow-up surgeries to correct complications. Common problems include abdominal hernias, breakdown of the staple line and stretched stomach outlets. There’s rapid regain of weight and all sorts of medical problems. From vitamin deficiencies to constant illness, stomach upsets, diarrhea, fatigue and horrible wound infections. Many people don’t want to admit they’ve had problems because they’re so happy to be thin; â€Å"People who have had the surgery the past couple of years are in a honeymoon state†, states Guthrie, Catherine. The author of â€Å"Bariatric Surgery: A Radical Obesity Fix. They is so thrilled to be thin. They believe being thin at all costs is more important than their own lives. Even if the patients have problems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  although these are some complications, most patients undergo only one surgery and there's an 85 percent success rate. Gastric Bypass :: essays research papers Gastric Bypass More than 40,000 people a year are so desperate to lose weight they turn to the controversial, sometimes life-threatening surgery such as Gastric Bypass. I will be explaining what the surgery entitles, disadvantages vs. advantages. And most important, is Gastric bypass surgery the right choice when considering the risks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most common form of â€Å"stomach stapling† is gastric bypass. In this procedure, a small pouch is formed in the stomach and stapled shut. The small intestine is then cut and stapled onto the pouch, shrinking the stomach’s ability to take in food. The technique involves removing a section of the stomach and rearranging the small bowel to divert bile and pancreatic secretions away from the food stream. Fats and starches flow through without being absorbed. In order to be a candidate for the surgery, patients must be considered morbidly obese or at least 100 pounds overwei ght. Before an individual gets the go-ahead, he or she meets with doctors and psychologists to rule out all other ways of help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surgery may sound like the best option for a morbidly overweight person, but a small figure comes at a high price. There are health risks and the side effects can be fatal. Three people will die during every 1,000 procedures, according to the ASBS. Let me tell you about more disadvantages. More than one-third of obese patients who have gastric surgery develop gallstones. Nearly one in three develop nutritional deficiencies. Patients could also be at risk for anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. However, these side effects can be avoided with the proper amount of vitamin and mineral supplements. Up to 20 percent of patients who undergo the operation will require follow-up surgeries to correct complications. Common problems include abdominal hernias, breakdown of the staple line and stretched stomach outlets. There’s rapid regain of weight and all sorts of medical problems. From vitamin deficiencies to constant illness, stomach upsets, diarrhea, fatigue and horrible wound infections. Many people don’t want to admit they’ve had problems because they’re so happy to be thin; â€Å"People who have had the surgery the past couple of years are in a honeymoon state†, states Guthrie, Catherine. The author of â€Å"Bariatric Surgery: A Radical Obesity Fix. They is so thrilled to be thin. They believe being thin at all costs is more important than their own lives. Even if the patients have problems  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  although these are some complications, most patients undergo only one surgery and there's an 85 percent success rate.

Culturally Competent Nursing in an Ever Changing Diverse World Essay

In nursing and healthcare the issue of culture is more pronounced than anywhere else. This is because many people various ethnic, religious, racial and cultural backgrounds come forth to hospitals and healthcare centres in search of health solutions. Due to these cultural disparities, patients often fail to receive quality services because of practices that are lacking in cultural competence. Cultural competence in nursing and healthcare refers to the efficiency with which a healthcare provider is able to offer quality service in a cross-cultural setting thus enhancing the system’s or institution’s capacity to function in effective manners (Dolhun, E. P. et al 2003). Culture influences an individual’s values, perceptions, beliefs and opinions. It influences how patients respond to healthcare givers and the medication prescribed to them. Therefore it is very important that nurses and other medical practitioners seek to improve their awareness towards the issues raised by cultural diversity in order to improve on service delivery. This paper examines ways in which a nurse can be more culturally competent. It also examines the opportunities in the work place and nursing school that requires culturally focused health practices. Additionally the paper discusses the issues of self-assessment and client assessment that is geared towards the delivery of culturally competent health solutions. Importance of Culture to Nursing. The US is comprised of the most culturally diverse population. A big percentage of the world’s ethnic, religious and cultural groups are represented in this population. This has created a most unique opportunity as well as challenge to many organizations in the service delivery sector. This is because people from all cultures get ill at one point in time and they have to seek treatment. Nurses are thus presented with patients from very diverse cultural backgrounds. Culture influences how different people will respond to the different ways of health service delivery, interventions and treatment (Dolhun, E. P et al. 2003). It is therefore important for nurses to move towards achieving cultural competence in order to effectively deal with the challenges that come with the cultural reality. Because of the demographic situation in America service providers are under pressure to provide more culturally correct services. The nursing profession cannot be left behind and therefore the need to comply with the changing needs is overwhelming. Language limitations are also another issue of concern in attaining cultural competence. Ethical Factor One ethical principle that guides nurses in their endeavour to provide culturally appropriate care is the appreciating that everyone regardless of their cultural persuasion is entitled to receive quality health care. Cultural differences can influence the caregiver’s prejudices and bias towards a patient (Galanti G. A. 1997). In a similar way a patient can misconstrue the caregiver’s actions and words. This can serve to lower the quality of care given to this particular patient. Professional ethics require that there be no form of discrimination in the provision of health care but in a situation where there is prejudice on either party, then the quality of care is compromised. Similarly what is considered ethical may have serious consequences when viewed from a cultural context. A fitting example is when the doctor feels obliged to divulge some information to a patient or a certain member of the family, because in some cultures it is believed that giving certain information to a sick person is unacceptable, the doctors ‘ethical’ actions may be viewed in very bad light Nurse’s responsibility Nurses are usually supposed to care for the general well being of a patient, they ought to be able to understand and empathize with the patient in order to cater for their physical and emotional needs. On an individual level, a nurse has a responsibility to learn the practices that are in accordance to cultural competence. It is important that nurses should have an attitude that goes further than just learning acceptable cultural behaviours. Nurses must be motivated by compassion to the patients and driven by moral responsibility (Tervalon M. Murray-Garcia J. 1998). This allows them to display a genuine concern and is thus motivated to internalize harmonious attitudes towards achieving cultural competence. In a hospital setting a nurse is required to be able to anticipate the issues that may arise due to cultural disparities and lack of proficiency in certain languages. They are also to understand the others’ points of view as well as appreciating the strengths and weaknesses of these points of view. In addition to this, respecting the cultural differences is key to the ability to provide culturally appropriate care. Since the issues raised by cultural diversity are multi-faceted in nature, they require a holistic approach that calls for a total overhaul in the nurses’ ways of thinking. There is no one culture that is the standard of what is good or bad and therefore an open mind is important as nurses move towards delivering health care that exemplifies cultural competence. Achieving this kind of competence is only possible if one comes to self-awareness and recognizes their own values, beliefs, opinions, prejudices and biases (Dolhun, E. P. 2003). From here, they can be able to understand how they respond to different points of view from other. Inorder to come to self-awareness one needs to examine their own cultural and environmental backgrounds. An underlying ethnocentricity is part most people where one is protective and to an extent defensive when it comes to cultural differences (Switzer, G. E et al 1998). However in the nursing practice each nurse should be flexible and work towards developing skills of responding to varied cultural settings and situations. Nursing Schools Similarly in nursing schools one is required to meet most of the aforementioned standards. In addition to that communication skills are developed in school. Learning to communicate effectively in a cultural context entails being open-minded, respectful and shunning any form of prejudice or bias (Robins, L. et al 1998). It is a great opportunity to learn form and about other cultures. Other communication skills that are essential are listening skills that enable one to establish a rapport with the others. Language skills also play an important role in communication and as such each student nurse has a responsibility to learn other languages. Ofcourse it is not possible to learn all the languages there are but one can do their best and that is what is required of them. In the same way nurses should have skills that would enable them to assess the patient in a cultural context. This would entail finding out as much detail on the patient as possible. It would help to understand their ethnic background, socio-economic class, religion, age group and other social entities that they identify with. Learning about their experiences could also aid in establishing biases. Impact of culture on health care In the year 2010 more than 45% of all patients in the US will come from minority cultures. This is due to immigration that is the greatest contributor to the cultural diversity (Tervalon M. Murray-Garcia J. 1998). The health sector has realized the reality of these facts and medical practitioners are now given incentives to encourage them to take up learning on cultural diversity. This is changing the entire medical profession. Many initiatives have been put in place in order to bridge health differences that exist between minority groups and the white Americans. The existence of cultural difference may impact negatively on the care given. Cultural factor do affect the response to the different methods of treatment and diagnosis. Some ideas are perceived differently in different cultures and in some extreme cases family members can react in ways that may seem bizarre in the western world. Conclusion The issue of culture is increasingly attaining great importance with the ever-changing cultural mixture. The provision of healthcare is now taking cognizance of the effects of culture on the delivery of these vital services. It has been realized that cultural differences have been an impact on the quality of care given. Nurses and other medical practitioner are now under increased pressure to attain cultural competence in order to achieve high standards of quality. This paper opines the achievement of an all round cultural competence is a long journey. It will take a collective as well as an individual effort to achieve. Nurses have a personal responsibility to seek to understand the cultural factor. Additionally each one of them needs to appreciate their moral duty to seek self-awareness inorder to understand their own behaviour in response to other people with a differing opinion. Respect and a non-judgemental attitude are important if one is to overcome the ethnocentricity that is part of every human being. This awareness cultivates interest and inquiry. Once this point has been reached cultural differences will be viewed as learning opportunities that will spur personal growth. Reference Dolhun, E. P. Munoz, C. and Grumbach, K. (2003). â€Å"Cross-cultural education in U. S. medical schools: Development of an assessment tool. † Academic Medicine. Galanti G. A. (1997). Caring for Patients from Different Cultures: Case studies from American hospitals. 2nd ed. University of Philadelphia Press. Philadelphia, PA. Riddick S. (1998). Improving access for limited English-speaking consumers: A review of strategies in health care settings. J Health Care Poor Underserved. Supp vol 9: Robins, L. S. Alexander, G. L. , Wolf, F. M. , Fantone, J. C. , & Davis, W. K. (1998). â€Å"Development and evaluation of an instrument to assess medical students’ cultural attitudes. † Journal of the American Medical Women’s Association, Switzer, G. E. Scholle, S. H. , Johnson, B. A. , & Kelleher, K. J. (1998). â€Å"The Client Cultural Competence Inventory: An instrument for assessing cultural competence in behavioral managed care organizations. † Journal of Child and Family Studies, Tervalon M. Murray-Garcia J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. J Health Care Poor Underserved.

Apa Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help Tcl Nursing

APA Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help TCL Nursing Students Write Excellent Papers Datatel Number Technical College of the Lowcountry Course Number Abstract All papers should have an abstract. An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper, including the purpose and major findings. The abstract should be well organized, concise and specific. The abstract should be one paragraph of no more than 120 words on a page by itself. Other features of an abstract include double-spacing, one inch margins without indentation, and Times Roman or Courier 12 font.APA Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help TCL Nursing Students Write Excellent Papers The aim of this article is to discuss the varieties of pain assessments, and to determine under which circumstances each assessment is most appropriate. Pain is rated differently by each patient, and is subjective to many factors in the patient's life, including but not limited to culture and past experiences wit h pain. Since pain may have an effect on all aspects of a patient's life, healthcare providers must strive to most properly identify the amount of pain in order to properly control it.Symptoms such as â€Å"crying, elected temperature, facial grimacing, groaning, moaning, guarding of the affected area, loss of sleep, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, rise in blood pressure, rise in respiratory rate, and tachycardia† are typical indicators that a patient is in pain; but how much pain? Healthcare providers, namely nurses, use a system of scales and work with the patient to rate their pain. Nurses must be aware of the different pain rating scales available in order to most accurately assess a patient's pain level.A nurse must not only be able to determine which pain scale is most appropriate for the patient to identify and express his or her pain level, but also be able to carefully interpret and evaluate the scores. For example, the pain scale that is appropriate for a fully func tioning adult will differ from one that is appropriate for a child and differ from one that is appropriate for a patient affected by dementia, etc. A variety of unidimensional scales quantify the intensity of the pain and are more simple; while multidimensional scales do so plus identify the pain quality, uration, and any relieving factors, and are more complex. If time permits, a nurse may choose to use a combination of pain assessments in order to be as thorough as possible. Nurses can implement the use of a variety of pain assessments reviewed in this article into their patient's shift assessment. A nurse may choose to use a more complex, thorough multidimensional scale upon his or her patient's admission assessment, and then use a more simple, quick unidimensional scale upon his or her patient's regularly scheduled shift assessments.Regardless of the type of scale being used, a nurse must always use â€Å"effective and sensitive communication with the patient to assist in expre ssions of pain. † Nurses must listen to their patient and accurately document their patient's subjective descriptions of the pain. Also, nurses should allow their patients ample amount of time to respond to their questions, which should also be open-ended questions. After the doctor has reviewed the pain assessment and ordered meds, the â€Å"effects of analgesia should be monitored closely and recorded in nursing notes to maintain continuity of patient care. In conclusion, nurses should assess the patient's abilities, then choose and tailor the pain assessment to the patient's needs. Assessments are of immeasurable importance as they have a direct effect on the patient's quality of life. The more extensive of knowledge a nurse has of the plethora of pain assessments to choose from, the more he or she can also select the most appropriate pain scale per the patient, which in turn will have the greatest impact on the patient's progress. Resources In the text, cite resources use d to prepare the paper.Cite references in parentheses at the end of the sentence, but before the period (Burckhalter, 2009). Give the author's last name, a comma, and year of publication. When citing the same resource several times in the same paragraph, it is necessary to cite the author every time but the year only once (Burckhalter). Cite a page number only for quotes. For works by two authors, name both every time and use an ampersand (Merwin & Sapp, 2008). For works with three to five authors, name all in the first citation (Bible, Simmons, & Beasley, 2009). In later citations, cite only the first author's name and the term et al. nd the year. For works of six or more authors, cite only the first author's surname followed by et al. and year in the text, but identify all the authors in the reference list (Slyh et. al, 2007). When a group or organization is the author, cite the group's name followed by the year (TCL Nursing Faculty, 2008). References Cite all resources used in th e text. For the reference list, center the word â€Å"References† at the top of the last page. Double space the entries and indent all lines, except the first line of each entry, five to seven spaces. Alphabetize the list by the authors’ surnames.Include only the initials and last name of authors, not full names or professional initials. Examples of citations are in the sample reference list with this paper. Note the examples of punctuation and capitalization. Journal citations capitalize only the first word of the article title. All major words in the title of the journal are capitalized. The name of the journal and the journal volume are italicized, but the issue and page numbers are not italicized. For books, the reference citation begins with the author or authors, followed by the date of publication. Only the first word of a book title is capitalized.Book titles are italicized. The publisher’s location is cited by city and state, a colon, and the name of th e publisher. Electronic citations use the same guidelines indicated above. Do not place a period at the end of an electronic address. Email sent from one to another should be cited as personal communication and is not included in the reference list. Information from classroom lectures are also personal communication (S. Beasley, April 14, 2009). Conclusion A paper should have a conclusion which restates the purpose of the paper, states the major points, and gives recommendations for practice and/or research.This paper has presented suggestions for helping TCL nursing students write excellent papers. A student may also consider using this document as a foundation for a paper. The margins are set correctly. References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author. Author, C. K. (2007, September 30). Title of a journal article. Imprint, 21, 35-40. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier databas e. Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. ). Retrieved from HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html† http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html Bible, C. M. , Simmons, A. W. , & Beasley, S. G. (2009). Summer events at TCL. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(8), 89-96. Burckhalter, T. S. (February 2009). Beaufort’s best nursing students. Nurse Educator, 53, 46-65. McPheron, S. (2009). Mapping families. Imprint, 23(4), 14-27. Merwin, D. M. & Sapp, M. P. (2008). Where to find happiness. Journal of Divine Meditation, 38(5), 35-42. Simmons, A. (2007). Frustrations in nursing education.In M. Sapp (Ed. ), Success for nursing students (pp. 13-29). Beaufort, SC: Technical College of the Lowcountry. Slyh, K. P, Merwin, D. M. , Sapp, M. L. , Bible, C. W. , Slachta, P. A. , & Simmons, A. W. (2007). What nursing students want. Journal of Am erican Community Colleges, 26(3), 32-46. Nursing Faculty. Technical College of the Lowcountry nursing student handbook (2008). Beaufort, SC: Author. Thomas, C. L. (Ed. ). (2008). Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary (21st ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. APA SNIPPETS AND STYLE WRITING PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 7 PAGE

Kalevala

Kalevala Kaleva"Kalevala" is epithical poem written by the Finnish poet Eliasom Lennrotom in first half of the one century ago on the basic facts collected him for many years of searching Finnish and Karelian songs, legends. These songs passed from father to son from sun to grand children and so on during the centuries. Lennrot only collected these songs and on the basic facts of their heroes and plots has created the living and consecutive epos. And being the person of eighteenth century, he has brought in "Kalevala" some new ideas, but the soul of a poem is still national and represents historical, and cultural value. (104)"Kalevala" is written not like normal poem, it written with runes. As I understand it's like finish Adam and Eva. It shows the making of the world. Before the people on the earth were only Gods and I made the mistake there was only water land.Woman in a rowing boatOne of the first birds live the eggs on Ilmatar body... but she was very tired of this work. So she broke the m and the world is formed from the pieces. That is how the land was made and what about the humans? (~100)This very strange and interesting position of women. (?) A part of women are slaves to their husbands, families of the husbands, but other women are best of their sorts, and occupant the supreme places in social hierarchy. And the young woman occupied position of slave in the house. But against the slave she couldn't complain because it was her sort. Here is very much text about courtship of a woman by the main heroes. She doesn't choose, but the future husband chooses her. And if she doesn't like him only one way to continue marriage is...

Retirement Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retirement Planning - Assignment Example My plan is to work in the private industry for 40 years to then retire. Retirement is very important because it represents the golden years of a person’s life. People expect to enjoy retirement with their love ones. In order to truly enjoy retirement it is important to be financially independent. I will graduate at 25 years of age. The average salary I expect to earn during my career will be approximately $50,000. A retirement calculator on the CNN Money website was used to estimate my retirement goal. My retirement goal is to save $500,000. My expected retirement age is 65 years of age. I estimated my life expectance at 78 years since that is the average life expectancy in the United States (CultureGrams, 2012). My expected pension income and social security income are $1000 each. Based on these variables the retirement calculator gave the following output. Your Results You will need a total of $1.7 million ($496,418 in today's dollars) to retire at 65 years old (Cnn, 2012). The second tool available at the CNN website was an asset allocation display. I stated that I needed the money in 20+ years. I selected that I was willing to take a reasonable amount of risk. I stated I could not afford to miss my target and during market sell-offs I see an opportunity to buy more stock. The result of the calculator is illustrated below: Suggested allocation: (Cnn, 2012). The suggested allocation provided by the CNN calculator provides a list of potential allocation of assets. My plan to save $500,000 by retirement age can be achieved if I implement a proactive saving strategy that uses a wide arrangement of investment and retirement tools. Three retirement instruments that I plan of use as part of my diversified portfolio are IRA, Roth IRA, and 401k plans. An IRA is a retirement savings account that allows taxpayer to save money without paying taxes for the income placed in the IRA account. Money placed in an IRA account accumulates interests every year. The money cannot be taken out of the IRA account until retirement age reaches. Bottom of Form A Roth IRA is, â€Å"An individual retirement plan that bears many similarities to the traditional IRA, but  contributions are not tax deductible and qualified distributions are tax free† (Investopedia, 2012). A 401k plan is a company sponsored retirement plan that allows individuals to set aside tax-deferred income towards retirement. There are other financial instruments that can be used to save money towards retirement. One of the most popular forms of investments is common stocks. Common stocks give investors ownership in a publicly traded company. The investors that keep stocks for a long time earn dividends from common stock as well as a capital gain once the investment is sold. The safest type of stock that an investor can choose is blue chip stocks. A blue chip stock is a stock issued by a well known company with an established record of making money and paying dividends (Teweles, Br adley, Teweles, 1992). An example of a blue chip stock is Microsoft. Due to the risk associated with penny stocks and foreign stocks I will stay away from these two types of stocks in order to minimize the risk of the portfolio. Another good investment instrument that is often chosen by investors is corporate bonds. Corporate bonds pay the investor the coupon rate on a yearly or biannual basis. The principal of the bond is paid at maturity age. Most bonds are of $1000 denominations. A portion of my retirement

The personal and professional characteristics of a successful global Research Paper

The personal and professional characteristics of a successful global leader - Research Paper Example er and professional skills are necessary to become a successful global leader, why one person can easily become a leader while another faces a lot of difficulties. This paper examines the researches of many scientists and professors who made a great contribution in the world leadership. Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of global leadership, focusing on different knowledge and skills. Nowadays, many people dream about successful leadership and being at the top. Some of them are convinced that an authoritative leader has to be only smart; others disagree, considering leader as a person who is not only knowledgeable, but also has various skills and ample experience. In modern life, the concepts of leader and success have become synonyms. Every person who made a decision to begin the path to success has to turn into the leader himself or herself at the beginning of this way and realize who exactly is a leader. Without this, any undertaking will come to an end with failure. However, global leader is a person who can take a reasonable view of the international situations and successfully provide the management of people who are dissimilar to the leader and from one another and have different cultural backgrounds, with diverse legislative structure a nd economic systems. Caligiuri, Welch, Achua, Spreitzer, McCall, Mahone, Lussier give a clear stand what is the leadership and who is a leader. To understand how to become a leader and what to do for that it is necessary to learn all their opinions and suggestions. It is a big responsibility to assume the leadership and guide people in fact rather than in word. A successful global leader has many targets. Global leaders are defined as executives who are in jobs with some international scope. Global leaders expand business into foreign markets, conceive strategies on global basis, manage and motivate. (Spreitzer, McCall, & Mahoney, 1997). A global leader works with people all around the world. First of